The Cardiac System
What is the first step of the pulmonary circuit?
The right atrium
What are the formed elements?
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets
Has B antigens, and A antibodies. Can donate to B, and AB blood types.
What is Blood Type B?
What is Hormone action?
Changes cell activity, affects only target tissues or organs, target cells have specific receptor proteins
What is the 1st line of defense?
Physical barriers to foreign materials: Skin, hair, mucus, earwax, saliva, tears
What is the SA node
The heart’s pacemaker; stimulates contraction
What are Antigens?
substances the body recognizes as foreign & may be attacked by the immune system
Is the universal blood recipient; can receive all blood types, A,B, AB, and O.
What is blood type AB?
What are the endocrine gland Stimuli?
Hormonal, humoral, neural
What is adaptive immunity?
A specific defense for each type of invasion.
What does Cardiac cycle 1 do?
Low pressure in the heart, Blood flows into and fills atria & ventricles, Semilunar valves closed, Tricuspid/mitral valves open, Atria contract & force blood into ventricles
What is Anemia?
Decreased O2 carrying ability in the blood
A blood group that helps determine your specific blood type (+=antigen, - = antibody).
What is Rh?
What do the hormones insulin and glucagon do?
They're produced in response to changing blood glucose levels
What is innate immunity?
Nonspecific protection against a variety of invaders. It responds immediately.
What is Systole and Diastole?
Diastole: The heart muscle relaxes and the pressure is low
Systole: the heart muscle contracts and the pressure is high.
Describe the function of blood.
Fluid connective tissue: Fluid matrix is plasma, fibers only present when clotting. It transports: nutrients, wastes, hormones, body heat, and respiratory gases such as O2 & CO2
Has A antigens and B antibodies. Can donate to A, AB blood types.
What is blood type A?
What do hormones control
Metabolism, reproduction, homeostasis, growth & development.
What is the 2nd line of defense mechanisms?
Natural Killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, fever.
How does the heart contract?
Sinoatrial (SA) node 🡺 AV node (atria contract) 🡺 AV bundle/bundle of His 🡺 bundle branches 🡺 Purkinje fibers (ventricles contract) (all blood gets pushed out).
What are Leukocytes, and what do they do?
Their function is for immunity and defense.
Agranulocytes:
monocytes, lymphocytes
Granulocytes:
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Does not have A or B antigens or antibodies. Can donate to all blood types, but can only receive from its own blood type = the universal blood donor.
What is blood type O?
The pancreas is both a ___ and ___ gland.
This organ is both an endocrine (changes levels of specific ions & nutrients in body fluids ) and exocrine gland (ducts to distribute digestive enzymes/fluid to help breakdown food).
Name the lymphoid organs.
Tonsils, Thymus, Spleen, Peyer's Patches