Reproductive 2
What adverse effect is of greatest concern in a patient taking anastrazole?
These patients have a greater risk of fracture secondary to osteoporosis
Lab measurement of serum T3 and T4 accounts for what?
What is the primary cause of increased excitability in patients with low serum Ca2+ levels?
Spontaneous motor neuron firing (tetany). Because Ca2+ is low, theres not enough to stabilize the Na+ channels against the influx of Na+. This leads to membrane excitability.
Deficiency of thiamine can be caused by
Someone who overdoses on acetaminophen requires the antidote N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or toxic metabolites accumulate and damage hepatocytes. What is the NAC acting on?
It is substituting for the glutathione that is depleted and can also be converted to glutathione.
Selective estrogen receptor modifiers can help with osteoporosis. Which drug should not be utilized in pregnant patients?
Raloxifene
Patients who are suffering from hypothyroidism can be treated with levothyroxine or liothyronine. If you wanted to administer the drug with the shorter half-life, which would you choose?
Liothyronine (T3) is faster acting but has a shorter half life. This requires multiple daily doses and is more expensive.
This medication would be helpful for renal failure patients who are unable to activate vitamin D.
Calcitriol.
Dantrolene is the antidote for malignant hyperthermia. Where does it act?
Deferoxamine is helpful for treating what symptoms?
Oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species.
Acute: Vomiting, systemic toxicity (acidosis, dyspnea, shock, coma)
Chronic: Impaired growth, cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis, diabetes
A patient who has an enlarged prostate but also male pattern baldness, should be treated with a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. What is an that drug called?
Finasteride.
In post-apocalyptic Harrogate, TN after nuclear fallout, what thyro-protective agent could you give?
Super saturated potassium iodide (SSKI) can be given prior to radioactive iodine exposure so that it cannot get in and destroy the gland.
The RANK-Ligand initiates osteoclast development and activation. The process of bone remodeling is regulated by PTH, Vitamin D, Estrogen, and Testosterone. If this regulation was to be deficient, what could you use to make sure RANK-Ligand doesn't go unchecked.
Denosumab.
A baby presenting with a descending paralysis should be treated with what?
Baby Botulism Globulin Intravenous (BIG), an antibody for botox against.
How does the CO-Hb binding affinity compare to O2-Hb?
CO-Hb binds with higher affinity.
Leuprolide acetate can be used to treat prostate cancer in men but may lead to an increase in bone pain at first. What can you give to prevent bone pain until the long acting effects kick in.
Bicalutamide, a testosterone receptor antagonist .
What is the effect of inhibiting iodine organification?
Monoiodityrosine (MIT) and diodotyrosine (DIT) cannot be made and thus cannot be coupled to make T2 or T4.
TLDR: Cannot make T3 and T4
How should a patient who is taking alendronate should be coached to prevent erosive esophagitis?
They should take the medication with an 8oz glass of water on an empty stomach, 30min ac?, they should remain upright for 30min.
Hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, full as a flask
How can isoniazid cause seizures?
Pyridoxine deficiency leads to a reduced production of GABA.
One aspiring foot doctor in Harrogate, TN is especially promiscuous. What drug has he likely had to purchase many many many times during the 2020-2021 school year?
Mifepristone, a progesterone weak partial agonist that acts as an early abortifacient drug.
What drug would you chose if you wanted to inhibit the action of thyroid peroxidase.
Methimazole
This endogenously produced substance can be administered exogenously via the inhaled route as a treatment for osteoporosis.
Calcitonin.
A patient with abdominal pain, light sensitivity, and neurological symptoms, shows improvement after treatment with Givosiran. What kind of treatment is this and what is the condition being treated?
RNAi.
Porphyria.
These medications may result in neurotoxicity by antagonizing GABA-A receptors, especially in renal failure patients.
Penicillin, 4th gen cephalosporins, and imipenem