Vision
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
Damage to the left optic nerve results in this condition.
What is left monocular vision loss?
While testing olfaction, make sure someone does not see the object you are asking them to smell, you should ask them to do this.
What is close their eyes?
Cranial nerve 10 is considered this type of nerve (sensory, motor, or both).
The midbrain, pons, and medulla make up this structure.
What is the brainstem?
This cranial nerve is associated with the sensation of hearing.
What is the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)?
Damage to the right superior optic radiations will result in this visual condition.
What is the left inferior quadrantopia?
You see in the patient's chart that they have completed the Snellen test and received a 20/200 for visual acuity. You know this means they can see an item from 20 feet away that someone with normal vision can see from this many feet away.
What is 200 feet?
This level of visual impairment (or worse, such as 20/400) can suggest that this person may have difficulty with daily activities.
Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI all have this shared function.
What is extraocular movement?
The rostral reticular formation is a key area within the brainstem that is responsible for this function.
What is consciousness? (or alertness)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
You are riding a roller coaster and go around a loop. This structure in the ear is responsible for detecting angular acceleration of the head.
What are the semicircular canals?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
Visual information that bypasses the LGN and runs instead to the superior colliculus is travelling through this pathway.
What is the extrageniculate pathway?
The gag reflex is a natural somatic response to foreign objects entering the pharyngeal area from the oral cavity. You suspect possible deficits of one or both of these two cranial nerves when your patient does not demonstrate this reflex during testing.
What are cranial nerves 9 and 10?
Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by the facial nerve, while taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and pharnyx is supplied by this nerve.
What is the glossopharyngeal nerve? (CN IX)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
Someone with locked-in syndrome appears with a similiar presentation when compared to someone in a coma, except for this key function intact with someone who has locked-in syndrome.
What is eye movement for communication?
A high frequency alarm goes off, causing you to quickly respond by evacuating the building. You know high frequency sound activates hair cells located at this structure near the entrance of the cochlea.
What is the oval window?
Visual information about the right inferior quadrant of both eyes travels on the optic radiations to synapse in this area of the primary visual cortex.
What is the upper bank of the left calcarine fissure?
When performing the H test on your patient, you notice when you have your patient follow your pen with their eyes to the left eyes, their eyes seem like they are in alignment, but when you have your patient follow the pen to the right side, their left is unable to follow the pen and remains rotated down and out. You are suspecting your patient may possibly have this condition present.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
What is oculomotor (CN III) palsy of the left eye?
While most cranial nerves come off the brainstem, these two cranial nerves come off the cortex.
What are the olfactory (I) and optic (II) nerves?
What is the fasciculus gracilis?
The hairs within this structure have an upright orientation and help to detect horizontal acceleration of head position change, such as lying down on your bed.
What is the utricle?
An infarct of a branch off the right inferior middle cerebral artery, providing blood supply to the parietal lobe, but sparing the temporal lobe, will result in this condition.
What is a left inferior quadrantopia?
When testing visual fields, is important to test each eye separately because a patient with this condition may think they are only missing visual field information on the right side of their right eye and not know that they are missing visual field information on the right side of their left eye.
What is homonymous hemianopia?
Your patient has lost facial motor control and sensation on the right side of their face, has lost the ability to abduct their right eye, and has lost the ability to hear using their right ear. Based on these cranial nerve functions, you anticipate damage to this portion of the brainstem.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
What is the right pons?
You are working in the intensive care unit and you notice a patient has their legs extended out straight, with their elbows in a flexed position against their chest, and their fists clenched. You anticipate they demonstrating which type of abnormal posturing?
What is decorticate posture?
When performing Weber's test, your patient reports their hearing is good on their left side and poor on their right side. When you use Rinne's test on their left side, the pt reports they can hear air conduction twice as long as bone conduction. You then conduct Rinne's test on their right side and find air conduction is heard only slightly longer than bone conduction on the right side. You suspect this patient has this type of hearing loss.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
(with conductive hearing loss, bone conduction is heard longer than the air conduction using Rinee; sound is heard best in abnormal ear with Weber)
(with normal hearing, air conduction sound will last twice as long as bone conduction sound using Rinne; sound is heard best in normal ear with Weber)