Airway and Vent
What structure lies between the trachea and the bronchi?
Carina
What is the best indicator that an automatic transport ventilator (ATV) is ventilating properly?
Chest rises and falls with each ventilation
What should you do with dentures during airway management?
Leave dentures in if secure; remove if loose
What is polypharmacy?
Taking multiple medications daily
Define Asthma
bronchospasm, wheezing, chest tightness
Trace the path of oxygen from the nose/mouth to the alveoli.
Nose/mouth → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli.
How often should you deliver a breath with a BVM to an adult patient who has a pulse?
Every 5–6 seconds (10–12 breaths/min)
What drug route is defined as “absorbed under the tongue”?
Sublingual
What kind of drug administration occurs when you assist a patient with their EpiPen?
Assisted administration
Define COPD
chronic bronchitis/emphysema; barrel chest, chronic hypoxia
If a patient loses all function of the diaphragm?
Major loss of ability to breathe
During adult CPR without an advanced airway, when should ventilations be delivered?
2 ventilations after 30 compressions
Where is an epinephrine auto-injector administered?
In the thigh (lateral aspect).
Which medication is given for chest pain?
Aspirin (chest pain, suspected MI)
Define Pneumonia
Pneumonia = pus-filled alveoli, fever, productive cough
What dangers can occur if blood or vomit drains into the nasopharynx?
Airway occlusion/aspiration leading to hypoxia.
What is the best way to prevent gastric inflation during ventilation?
Avoid overventilating (too fast/too forceful)
Define a suspension medication.
Drug particles mixed in liquid.
Which medication is given for opioid overdose?
Naloxone (Narcan)
Define Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism = sudden SOB, chest pain, risk after surgery/DVT
How should you clear the airway of an infant with a foreign body obstruction?
Back blows and chest thrusts
How does CPAP help patients in CHF respiratory distress?
Pushes fluid in alveoli back into bloodstream, improves oxygenation.
In what form is naloxone commonly given by EMTs?
Intranasal (spray).
Which finding contraindicates nitroglycerin administration?
Hypotension (BP 78/50)
Define Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis = thick, sticky mucus, frequent infections