Endocrine
How are hydrophobic hormones and hydrophilic hormones go through the cell membrane
Hydrophobic hormones must be carried w/ carrier protein to target-enter by simple diffusion. Hydrophilic use second messenger mechanism=bing outside of target, catecholamines use this.
does calcitonin get released directly by high Ca2+?
No; by the thyroid gland
What is the first place Blood goes after the Aortic Valve?
Coronary Arteries
where are fenestrated capillaries located?
choroid plexus, kidney, small intestine
how many c shaped rings r in the trachea and what are they made of?
16-20, Hyaline Cartilage
The growth hormone has both tropic and non tropic effects, which one is growth of bones, muscles, and all cells. Are they indirect or direct.
They are tropic and indirect.
what does the hypothalamus use to communicate with the ant. pituitary gland?
hypophyseal portal system
Name the 3 aortic sinuses which of the 3 has no vessels?
Left and Right Coronary artery and the non coronary artery
what is vasoconstriction controlled by in the vasomotor center?
adrenergic nerves that release NE
what is residual volume? write a formula to calculate it?
Amount of air left i lungs after forceful expiration
FRV-ERV = RV
For thyroid hormone it increases what? and decreases what?
increases glucogenolysis
increases gluconeogenesis
decrease glycogenesis
Increase lipolysis
decrease lipogenesis
TSH is a thyroid hormones (T3, T4)
yes!
What is the Formula to Cardiac Output?
(heart rate * SV)
what are some causes of hypertension?
smoking, stress, salt intake, obesity, sedentary lifestyle
give a characteristic of pneumonia, emphysema, pulmonary edema, SIDS, and Chronic Bronchitis?
Pneumonia= acute infection or inflammation of alveoli
Emphysema= Destruction of walls of alveoli
Pulmonary Edema= fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces and alveoli
SIDS= Rhythmicity stop working
Chronic Bronchitis= Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus
common symptoms of diabetes?
-hemorrhaging of capillaries
-degenerative blockages in cardiac circulation= heart attack
-Kidney failure
-reduced blood flow to distal portion of limbs
name the stimuli for tsh
cold, preg, high altitade, hypoglycemia, low thyroid normane
What is athlerosclerosis and how does it occur?
it is the plaque in arteries and occurs from poor diet, smoking, diabetes, smoking, etc
what structures in fetal circulation bypass the lungs?
ductus arteriosus and foremen ovale
What cartilage is found in the bronchioles?
NO
Tell us the process of cortisol being released
hypothalamus responds to either time of day, stress, or negative feedback by cortisol->hypothalamus releases crh into the hypothalamo hypopheaseal portal system->crh goes to anterior pituitary to release acth->acth stimulates adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids(cortisol)-> cortisol levels increase
name all the hormones responsible for gluconeogenisis
glucagon, catecholamines, thyroid h, cortisol, growth h
Which Heart Failure results in a thick stiff heart?
Diastolic Heart Failure
which two blood vessels merge into the hepatic portal vein?
splenic and superior mesenteric vein
what are the components of the lower respiratory system?
larynx trachea, bronchi and lungs