Chapter 14
An energy rich compound, phosphocreatine, is found in ______ tissue?
Muscle
What are the differences between disordered eating and an eating disorder?
•Disordered: Mild and short-term changes in eating patterns that occur is relations to a stressful event or illness.
•Eating disorder: Severe alterations in eating patterns linked to physiological changes.
What are the 4 dimensions of food security?
Availability, Access, Utilization and Stability
Why is the use of antibiotics in animals bad?
Animals can develop antibiotic resistance
What are 3 sustainable development goals?
The colorful slide!
As the body adapts to regular exercise, the training effect results in ______?
a. decreased blood flow to muscles
b. increased lactate production
c. decreased muscle triglyceride content
d. decreased resting heart rate
What are 3 diagnosis criteria for anorexia nervosa?
Extreme dieting, fear of eating, poor body image
What is the most common cause of famine?
Crop failure
What are the 3 types of bacterial infections related to foodborne illness?
•Foodborne infection: directly invade the intestinal wall
•Toxin-mediated infection: a harmful toxin is produced when the bacteria colonize in the GI tract
•Foodborne intoxication: bacteria secrete a toxin into food before it is eaten
What is the female triad?
Low energy availability
Loss of menstrual cycle
Lone bone mass
What is the difference between exercise and physical fitness?
•Exercise: refers to those physical activities that are planned, repetitive and intended to improve physical fitness
•Physical fitness: the ability to perform moderate to vigorous activity without fatigue
What are some physical effects of bulimia nervosa?
•Repeated exposure of teeth to stomach acid causing demineralization
•Painful, sensitive to cold and heat
•Blood potassium can drop significantly with regular vomiting or the use of certain diuretics
•Salivary glands may swell
•Ulcers, bleeding perforations
•Constipation
What are the most common micronutrient deficiencies in the world?
Iron
Zinc
Vitamin A
B vitamins
Iodine
What is the leading cause of foodborne illness, causing almost 60% of illnesses in the U.S annually?
Norovirus
What are ways to reduce exposure to pesticides?
-Wash
-Peel and trim
-Choose a variety
-Choose organic
-Spray with insect repellent/veggie spray
During muscle-building regimens, athletes should consume _______ grams of protein per kg of body weight?
1.5-2 g/kg
Binge eating disorder can be characterized as ______
Eating to avoid feeling and dealing with emotional pain
Name 3 food assistance programs
•SNAP
•WIC
•USDA Foods in Schools
•Meals on Wheels
•School lunch programs
What are some of the negative consequences of caffeine?
•Worsen anxiety and depression
•Harm GI tract
•Insomnia
•May elevate cholesterol
•Increase risk for miscarriages
Name 3 additional eating disorders other than Anorexia, Bulimia and Binge eating.
Pica
Night eating syndrome
Purging disorder
Advantage and Disadvantages of Anaerobic Glucose breakdown
•Advantages:
-It is the fastest way to resupply ATP, other than PCr breakdown
-It provides most of the energy needed for events that require a quick burst of energy (30 seconds to 2 minutes)
•Disadvantages:
-The high rate of ATP production cannot be sustained for long periods
-The rapid accumulation of lactate increases the acidity of the muscle
-Acidity inhibits the activities of key enzymes in the muscle cells
Explain how individuals with an eating disorder and type 1 diabetes abuse their insulin use.
•Intentionally skipping doses of insulin to induce weight loss
•This leads to hyperglycemia, eye damage, kidney damage, diabetic coma or death
•Overdoses of insulin to compensate for episodes of binge eating causing possible weight gain
What is the difference between situational and generational poverty?
•Situational: Getting laid off from a job, family member medical expense, divorce, death, disasters
•Generational: Cultures, traditions
What is a direct vs indirect food additive?
•Direct: coloring, sweetener, texturizing, flavor
•Indirect: industrial chemicals, pesticide residues, and mold toxins from foods
Causes of malnutrition in the developing world
•AIDS
•War and political civil unrest
•Unbalanced food to population ratio
•Depletion of resources
•Infrastructures
High external debt