Development Models
This is an early motor development framework to understand the progression of motor proficiency from birth to adulthood. The model is conceptualized as a pyramid broken up into a hierarchy of four developmental levels.
What is the Hierachy of Motor Proficiency?
A self-regulatory skill that monitors progress toward self-determined goals.
What is goal setting?
This type of practice involves participating in individualized training designed by a well-qualified instructor to improve performance.
What is deliberate practice?
Terminal feedback that describes the outcome of the movement
What is knowledge of results?
Focusing on one’s own movement (e.g., position of one’s limbs)
What is internal focus of attention?
When a child participates in a variety of movement activities during childhood to develop a large variety of fundamental motor skills.
What is sports diversification?
These are often used with demonstrations to convey task requirements such as movement form, sequence, and movement outcome.
What are verbal instructions?
Refers to one skill practiced over a fixed
period of time.
What is blocked practice?
Feedback received through the sensory systems, including vision, proprioception, and audition.
What is intrinsic feedback?
Brief and concise phrases that direct attention to regulatory conditions in the environment, prompt key skill components, or initiate activity.
What are verbal cues?
This characterized as achievement in international competitions over a sustained period of time.
What is mastery?
A novice or peer who is practicing and actively involved in learning, receiving feedback, demonstrating variability, making errors; the process of problem solving is emphasized
What is a learning model?
Cognitive rehearsal of a physical skill without overt physical movement
What is mental practice?
This type of feedback provides information on the observable aspects of the movement, such as the space–time properties of a performance.
What is kinematic feedback?
This model of motor learning contains a compensation period that accounts for recovery from injury, aging or other setbacks.
What is the Mountain of Motor Develoment?
The model used to provide the framework for Canada's youth sport development programs.
What is the Long Term Athlete Development Model?
Conscious awareness of factors affecting learning.
This refers to number of parts and amount of
attention required.
What is task complexity?
1.Shock
2. Error detection
3. Error correction
4. Independence
What are the video feedback learning stages?
This type of practice should be used if skill is low in complexity and high in organization.
What is whole practice?
It is said that a performer can progress to a more complex motor skill when they break through this threshold.
What is the proficiency barrier?
When using this type of model learners mimic a gold standard, and a strong perceptual trace is desirable.
What is an expert model?
The practicing of multiple skills in varied ways within any given session, or simply put, the amount of switching between tasks.
What is contextual interference?
This is a recommended strategy for providing feedback in which the bread is praise, and constructive criticism is the meat (or meat substitute).
What is the sandwich approach?
This type of practice is shorter practice sessions and fewer practice trials.
What is distributed practice?