Vaccines
What type of vaccines are the m-RNA vaccines used to prevent COVID?
Nucleic acid vaccines
In Influenza viruses the hemagglutinin( H) helps in ---- while neuraminidase ( N) is important for ------
Attachment; Release
Cell mediated immunity of the adaptive immune system is commanded by ....... cells and destruction is carried out by ..... cells
T helper cells and T cytotoxic cells
Is the transmission of ringworm from a contaminated towel an example of direct or indirect transmission?
Indirect
Are exotoxins or endotoxins destroyed by heat?
Exotoxins
Which type of vaccine should don't be given to immunosuppressed individuals?
live attenuated vaccines
What is a pro-virus?
The integrated piece of viral DNA in the host DNA
Each antibody has how many antigen binding sites?
2
What is diapedesis?
Movement of phagocytes out of circulation
Influenza has how many segments?
8
What are subunit vaccines?
Vaccines that contain parts of microorganisms/virus to stimulate an immune response
What part of the structure of a virus will include phospholipids?
Envelope
What is the function of antibodies?
Marking invading microbes for destruction
What is the correct order of replication of a lysogenic virus?
Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Integration, Synthesis, Maturation, Release
What type of immunity do you get when you get the rabies vaccine?
Artificially acquired active immunity
What type of vaccine is more likely to need boosters?
Killed inactivated
You have a virus that first needs to copy its genetic material into m-RNA before it replicates. What type of virus is it?
ss negative sense RNA
Which antibody is found in breastmilk?
IgA
What is opsonization?
The binding and coating of a bacterium by an IgG antibody to enhance phagocytosis
A 10-month-old infant has become constipated and demonstrates muscular weakness by her inability to sit up or crawl. Her muscle tone is continuing to deteriorate, and she is beginning to have difficulty holding her head up. While questioning her mother to get more information, the doctor noted that the infant's cereal had been sweetened with honey for the last 5 days.
What does she have?
Botulism
What are nucleic acid vaccines?
Vaccines that inject DNA coating for the protein antigen, DNA & protein expressed, and then amount an immune response
What is HHV4?
Lymphocryptovirus; abstain barr virus; mononucleosis; kissing disease
What is the main antibody in the secondary immune response?
IgG
Where do helper T cells mature?
Thymus
Name a disease(s) caused by prions
- scrapie
- bovine spongiform encephalopathy
- creutzfeldt jakob disease
- kuru