"Why do we do it?"
(A.K.A. Motivation)
(A.K.A. Motivation)
What are the three characteristics of motivation?
Activation persistence and intensity
Psychologists define _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response.
Emotion
The two basic types of personality tests are?
Projective and self-report inventories
The mental process of inferring the causes of people's behavior, including one's own, is called what?
Attribution
Who is the theorists that proposed men suffer from “womb-envy”?
Karen Horney
Which theoretical perspective believed that motivation is affected by how we perceive the world, how we think about ourselves, and the degree to which the environment is supportive and encouraging to reach one’s fullest potential?
Humanistic
The social and cultural rules that regulate the expression of emotion, particularly facial expressions, are called “_____.”
Display Rules
What are Freud’s basic structures of personality?
Id, Ego, and Superego
_______ occurs when two thoughts or perceptions are inconsistent, and an unpleasant psychological tension results (likely resulting in a change of attitude or behavior to become consistent)
Cognitive dissonance
Who was the most influential researcher in social psychology, known for their findings on obedience?
Stanley Milgram
Which theory of motivation asserts that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs?
Drive
Which theory posits that we label physiological arousal as a given emotion based on our cognitive interpretation of the situation
Two Factor theory of emotion (Schacter and Singer, 1962)
What theory posits that human behavior and personality are caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors?
Reciprocal Determinism
There are two reasons we conform to a larger group; 1) to be socially accepted and approved and 2) the desire to be correct. What are these two types of social influence called what?
Normative and Informational
Who is credited with the findings for the facial feedback hypothesis and the six universal emotions?
Paul Eckman (Richard Davidson, co-researcher in facial-feedback)
There are two types of motivation. One driven by inherent satisfaction, enjoyment or challenge; and another is for external factors such as reward, consequence, or social expectations. What are they and which is which?
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
What are the six basic emotions identified by psychologists?
Sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger.
What are the five traits associated with the BIG 5?
Openness, Contentiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism. (OCEAN)
There are two types of cognition: ________ which refers to the "deliberate, conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning" is to _______ which refers to the "mental processes associated with automatic, nonconscious social evaluations."
Explicit and Implicit Cognition
Who are the two psychologists associated with the humanistic perspective of personality?
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Self determination theory asserts that optimal human functioning and growth throughout the lifespan is possible only if what three psychological needs are met?
Autonomy, Competency and Relatedness
My heart is racing and I am trembling, therefore I am afraid” is a comment that would be made by someone who agreed with which theory of emotion?
James-Lang
What is the difference between self-esteem and self-efficacy?
Esteem is our belief in our own worth, while efficacy is our confidence to do something in particular
What are the three types of bias explored in social psychology as found in your textbook?
Hindsight bias, Self-Serving bias, Ingroup bias,
Which trait theorists utilized factor analysis to identify the 16 personality factors utilized in the MBTI today?
Raymond Cantell