Attachment
In his famous research with rhesus monkeys, Harlow found that baby rhesus monkeys were more likely to treat an object as an attachment figure if:
The object provided comfort
Groark and McCall’s intervention in St. Petersburg orphanages targeted:
Caregiver sensitivity
John sees his friend Jess eating a cookie. He wants the cookie. According to Freud, it is John’s ____ that causes him to want the cookie, while his _____ stops him from taking it from Jess because doing so would be wrong.
Id; Superego
A possible question in the Child Behavior Questionnaire for assessing temperament is, “When reading a book with an adult, my child was able to stay interested and listen for a long time.” This assesses this temperament dimension:
Attention span/persistence
Failing to validate children’s negative emotions is associated with ______ in those children.
Lower self-esteem
During a Strange Situation assessment, 15-month old Daniel’s mother leaves the room and he appears to have no reaction to her leaving, nor is he upset that a stranger is in the room. When his mother returns, Daniel does not greet her or want to be held by her. Ainsworth would classify Daniel as having _____ attachment
Insecure-avoidance attachment
The notion that experiencing stress over a long period of time in early development leads to poor health and stunted development is known as the ___ hypothesis.
Chronic stress hypothesis
Mass media (e.g., cable television) originates in Bronfenbrenner’s ____
Exosystem
Brenda’s parents respect Brenda’s opinions but still have firm rules and expectations for her behavior. They also show affection with her and value doing things with her. Baumrind would classify Brenda’s parents as:
Authoritative
Process S; Process C
Cara uses her mother’s reaction to judge new situations. She keeps an eye on her mother while she explores a new place, and she becomes distressed if she can’t see her mother. This describes Bowlby's _____ stage.
Clear-cut attachment
Chronic stress during children’s development can result in these two domains:
Memory and learning
Dr. Garcia is studying the circumstances in which young children are exposed to lead paint. She finds that lead poisoning occurs most often in poor neighborhoods with few jobs and no public transportation. By taking these factors into account, Garcia’s research is consistent with ____ of child development.
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model framework
2-year-old Liam tends to fidget and move around a lot. If they were given Rothbart & Bates’ CBQ checklist, Liam's parents would likely rate him as _____ on the items that assess ____.
High; Activity
The body-as-obstacle test is a culturally neutral way of testing:
Self-awareness
A child’s mental representation of their relationship with their caregiver is the basis of ___ concept.
Bowlby's internal working model
Rutter and colleagues found that English children adopted between 1 and 4 years of age from late 20th century Romanian orphanages:
Showed significant cognitive and physical delays when they arrived
Maria is struggling to choose between going to medical school like her parents, or following her passion, environmental studies. Maria is likely working on the crisis in Erikson’s stage of _____
Identity vs role confusion
6-year-old Michael accidentally broke a toy and started crying intensely. His mother said, “Stop being a baby. Big boys don’t cry over toys.” This is a good example of emotion ____.
Socialization
This phenomenon can explain why infants are polyphasic sleepers
No circadian rhythms for sleep/wake until 10-12 weeks; continue to strengthen over first 2 years
Baby Khloe is beginning to respond to familiar people. She is also beginning to anticipate that her father will come into her room in the morning when she wakes up and cries. However, she does not get upset when he leaves the room or a new babysitter comes. This would suggest Khloe is in Bowlby's __________ stage of attachment.
Attachment-in-the-making
A ___ stress is defined as a traumatic event for which a person has resources to help them cope, while a ____ stress is one in which a person has no resources to help them cope.
Tolerable; toxic
Dodge’s “hostile attributional bias” refers to the idea that:
Some individuals perceive bad intentions when they are faced with an ambiguous situation.
Thomas and Chess’ Goodness of Fit model espouses the idea that parents should adjust their children’s early environments in a way that ____ their temperaments so that the children can ____ their temperaments.
Bioregulatory pressure, psychosocial pressure, and societal pressure