RCP
Name the factors that influence humidifier efficiency.
Temperature, Surface area, and Time of contact.
In the lungs, gas diffuses through where?
The ACM
What is the range for mild hypoxemia?
60-79 mm Hg
A high velocity jet injected into stationary gas is known as what?
Viscous Shearing
Normal Hematocrit in adults?
42 % - 45 %
A SVN has a particle size of what? What flow ranges are typically used?
particle size: 1.5-7 microns
Flow Range: 6-8 LPM
The maximum volume of gas exhaled forcefully and rapidly after a max inspiration is called what?
FVC
List the Alveolar Air Equation.
PAO2= FiO2 (PB - PH2O) - (PaCO2 x 1.25)
or
PAO2= FiO2 (PB - PH2O) - (PaCO2/0.8)
Name the single and paired cartilages of the larynx.
Single: Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottis
Paired: Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform
You're reading a patient's chart. It shows that their pH is 7.19, HCO3 is 15, and the PaCO2 is 29. After using Winter's formula, what should the PaCO2? Is it within range?
Winters Formula:
(1.5 x 15) + 8 = 30.5 (+/-2)
Range: (28.5 - 32.5)
The PaCO2 is not within range.
What are the contraindications for Passover and heated humidifiers?
They both do not have any contraindications. None!
RV/TLC% tells us how much of the RV is taking up the TLC. Why is >35% considered bad?
Air trapping and hyperinflation
The normal A-a gradient is:
10-15 mmHg
What does PQRST stand for?
P: Provocative/palliative
Q: Quality/quantity
R: Region/radiation
S: Severity/scale
T: Timing
What's the equations for PVR and SVR? What are their normal ranges?
PVR= MPAP - MLAP (PWP)/ CO x 80; range: 20-120 dynes
SVR= MAP - MRAP/ CO x 80; range: 800-1500 dynes
What medication is administered while utilizing a SPAG? Why are they no longer used clinically?
Med: Ribavirin
It is not used b/c it causes more harm than good. It causes conjunctivitis, rash, and bronchospasms.
Which AWs is FEF (200-1200) located in?
a) Medium b) Small c) Large d) Medium to small
c) Large
Name the oxygenation status, acid-base balances, and adequacy of ventilation.
(ex: acid-base balance includes pH,.....etc)
O2 status: PaO2, SaO2, CaO2, PvO2
Acid-base balance: pH, PaCO2, HCO3, BE
Adequacy of ventilation: PaCO2
_____ is the substance expelled from the AWs, mouth, sinuses, and nose by coughing or clearing the throat.
Sputum
Classify this ABG.
pH: 7.48
PaCO2: 42
HCO3: 35
BE: -1
Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis
Utilizing this device can cause unstable thoracic cage injuries, which is known as a contraindication. What device is this?
The Vest
What's the use of the diffusion capacity of CO?
It is to use CO to test the integrity of the ACM
Name the 5 causes of hypoxemia.
1) V/Q mismatch 2) Pulmonary Shunting 3) Hypoventilation 4) Diffusion Defect 5) Breathing in gas w/ low PiO2
Which law or principle leads into Venturi's principle?
Bernoulli's Principle
10 mg alb/hr for 2 hrs at 15 LPM
Calculate the normal saline for this LVN.
15LPM = 40mL
VT - 40mL(2)= 80mL, 20mg/2.5mg= 8 amps
8 amps (0.5mg) = 4mL alb
80mL - 4 mL = 76 mL NS