Cardiovascular system
The three parts of the circulatory system ?
Heart, blood, blood vessels
The smallest blood vessels in the circulatory system
capillaries
The percentage of red blood cells in a person's blood.
Hematocrit
The primary function of respiration
to obtain O2 for use by the body cells and to eliminate the CO2 the cells produce.
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
Hemoglobin
The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart.
Pulmonary veins
The main resistance vessels in the vascular tree because their radius is small enough to offer considerable resistance to flow.
arterioles
The condition in which a blood clot breaks off from its original site and travels through the bloodstream to obstruct a blood vessel, causing tissue ischemia and organ damage.
Thromboembolism
The tiny air sacs where gases are exchanged between air and blood
alveoli
The high blood pressure that is multi-factorial and doesn’t have one distinct cause.
Primary hypertension
The normal pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
The parts of the vascular tree
▪Arteries
▪Arterioles
▪Capillaries
▪Venules
▪Veins
The protein that regulates osmosis between blood and tissues
Albumins
The relaxation of inspiratory muscles
Onset of expiration
The total body weight blood makes up
8%
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute
cardiac output
The volume of blood passing through per unit of time
flow rate
The process by which red blood cells (RBCs) are produced in the body
Erythropoiesis
The sequence of respiratory pathway
nasal cavity →Pharynx → Larynx →Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli or air sacs.
The part of the brain stem that controls inspiration and expiration
medulla
The inability of CO to keep pace with the body’s demands for supplies and removal of wastes
Heart failure
A higher blood flow than normal in response to something happening in your body that increases its demand for blood
Hyperemia
The large complex molecule that triggers a specific immune response against
Antigen
The cells that are involved in the secretion of surfactant proteins.
Type II alveolar
The influence of CO2 and acid on the release of O2
Bohr effect
Refers to pathological changes within the coronary artery walls that diminish blood flow through these vessels
coronary artery disease (CAD)
The four functions of the lymphatic system
•Return of excess filtered fluid
•Defense against disease
•Transport of absorbed fat
•Return of filtered protein
The blood type that is a universal donor and the blood type that is a universal receiver
Type O
Type AB
The three types of pressure important in respiration
Atmospheric (barometric)
Intra-alveolar pressure
Intrapleural pressure
Atmospheric pressure is the amount of pressure in the air
Intra-alveolar pressure is pressure in the lungs
Intrapleural pressure is the pleural cavity
The difference in partial pressure between the capillary blood and the surrounding structures
partial pressure gradient
How does oxygenated blood flow through the heart?
From lungs 🡪 pulmonary veins 🡪 left atrium 🡪 left ventricle 🡪 aorta (to drop off oxygen to rest of body)
The movement of solutions across the capillary wall to get from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area
List one factor that influences it
Bulk flow
factors:
Capillary blood pressure, plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure, and interstitial fluid–colloid osmotic pressure
The functions of the immune system
1. defends against invading disease-producing microorganisms
2. functions as a “cleanup crew” that removes worn out cells (such as aged red blood cells) and tissue debris paving the way for wound healing and tissue repair
3. identifies and destroys cancer cells that arise in the body.
A physical and chemical factor of bronchoconstriction
Chemical: histamine, anaphylaxis
physical: excess mucus, collapse airway, edema of the walls