Minerals
The most abundant elements on Earth
What are Silicon and Oxygen?
How igneous rocks are formed
What is Solidification of Magma?
The two types of sedimentary rocks
What are Clastic and Biochemical?
The three types of foliation
What are Slaty, Schistic, and Gneissic?
The three types of volcanoes
What are Composite, Shield, and Cinder Cone?
The three types of bonds found in minerals
What are Covalent, Ionic, and Metallic Bonds?
The textural terms of igneous rocks
What are Aphanitic, Phaneritic, Porphyritic, Pyroclastic, Pegmatitic, and Glassy?
The two processes that accomplish lithification
What are Compaction and Cementation?
The four factors in the process of creating a metamorphic rock
What are The Parent Rock, Pressure, Fluids, and Time?
An igneous body that penetrates perpendicularly through rock layers
What is a Dike?
Identifying properties of minerals
What are Lustre, Streak, Shape, and Cleavage?
Igneous rocks that are light in color and form near the surface
What is Felsic?
The two types of weathering
What are Chemical and Mechanical?
A nonfoliated metamorphic rock has stripes of a different color, but the composition is the same
What is Banding?
Crystals that are formed through the evaporation of water
What is an Evaporate?
A mineral that meets every criterion except a crystalline structure
What is a mineraloid?
The three mechanisms that allow the mantle to melt
What are Decompression Melting, Volatile Fluxing, and Heat Transfer?
A series of visible layers in a sedimentary rock
What is Bedding?
Existing crystals grow or change in shape, but not in composition or internal structure
What is Recrystallization?
A type of lava flow that has a smooth, ropy texture
What is Pahoehoe
The structure that is formed when silicon and oxygen elements bond
What is a tetrahedron?
Different crystals become more or less volatile at different temperatures and levels of pressure
What is Differentiation?
Sedimentary deposits migrating with both the rise and fall of the sea level
What is Transgression and Regression?
A type of metamorphism that produces non-foliated rocks
What is Contact Metamorphism?
The average composition of the continental crust
What is Granite?