Water Soluble Vitamins
What is a primary function of B vitamins?
energy metabolism - part of coenzymes
What can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb fat-soluble vitamins?
any fats!
sodium and chloride
What enhances iron absorption?
vitamin C
which nutrients are important for blood health?
vitamin B12, vitamin K, iron, folate
what vitamin deficiency leads to pellagra? what are the 4 "D"s?
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
Night blindness is a sign of deficiency of which nutrient?
vitamin A
What are the functions of sodium?
regulation of fluid balance transmission of nerve impulses muscle contraction and relaxation
which mineral is necessary for wound healing & taste/smell?
zinc
what are the 10 water soluble vitamins?
vitamin c, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), pantothenic acid (B5), biotin (B7), folate (folic acid or B9)
which water soluble vitamin is necessary during pregnancy? what can happen if a pregnant woman is deficient in this vitamin?
folate; neural tube defects
Overconsumption of beta-carotene can cause….
Carotenemia
what is the most abundant mineral in the body?
calcium
What is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world?
iron
which vitamins/minerals act as an electrolyte?
Potassium, Chloride, Sodium, Phosphorus
what are two factors needed for B12 absorption?
Intrinsic Factor and HCl
Which vitamin are most Americans deficient in and is considered a public health concern?
vitamin D
what are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?
having anorexia nervosa, having low estrogen levels (women) or low testosterone (men), following diets that contain inadequate amounts of calcium or vitamin D, being physically inactive, using medications such as steroids, smoking, alcohol
which mineral is important for maintaining proper carbohydrate and lipid metabolism?
chromium
which vitamins/minerals act as an antioxidant?
vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium
which three B vitamins are involved in the methionine - homocysteine - cysteine pathway?
vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin B9 (Folate)
which fat-soluble vitamin acts as an antioxidant? what does an antioxidant do?
vitamin E; Antioxidants protect cells by giving up electrons to free radicals (Free radicals – chemically unstable, remove electrons from more stable molecules); vitamin E protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from damage
which minerals are emphasized with the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet?
potassium, magnesium, calcium
What is Wilson's disease?
rare inherited disorder characterized by accumulation of toxic amounts of copper in the body
which nutrients are important for bone health?
vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus