Endocrine
What hormone stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys?
ADH- Antidiuretic hormone
What is Addison's disease and 3 S/S?
Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex.
S/S Muscle weakness, dark pigmentation of mucous membrane and the skin, hypotension
What is the difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes?
Type 1- Autoimmune disorder, absence of insulin production will always need insulin
Type 2- Resistance/Insufficient insulin production may not need insulin
What is phagocytosis
What are the three topics you should educate your patient on who is starting an iron supplement?
-Stool will be dark (almost black)
-Take on an empty stomach for better absorption
-May cause constipation
What hormone is secreted to stimulate the thyroid?
TSH- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
What class of medication is used to treat Addison's disease and what is the most common one used?
Corticosteroids
most common one used: Fludrocortisone
What are the two most common signs you will see in someone who is in DKA
Kussmal's respirations and fruity smelling breath
What enzyme in the liver helps regulate blood pressure, and fluid & electrolyte balance?
Renin
What is aplastic anemia?
failure in the bone marrow production of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets
What are the two hormones produced by the thyroid
T4 and T3 (Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine)
What is the name of the life-threatening disease when the adrenal glands fail d/t extreme stress on the body
Addisonian Crisis
What is the key difference between DKA and HHNKS?
the blood pH remains WNL in HHNKS.
What is the function of erythropoietin?
produced in the kidneys- stimulates red blood cell production in the red bone marrow.
What populations are most affected by hematological disorders?
African Americans, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries.
What does Aldosterone do?
Targets the kidneys- reabsorbs sodium and excretes potassium.
What is pheochromocytoma?
Rare tumor that grows in the adrenal glands and produces excessive catecholamines
What does A1C stand for and the ranges
Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Less or equal to 5.6%- normal
5.7% to 6.4%- Pre-diabetic
6.5% and up - Diabetic
What hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gall bladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas?
Cholecystokinin
What is the antidote for overdose of anticoagulants?
Vitamin K!
What two hormones are known as "Catacholamines"
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
What is Cushing's syndrome and 3 S/S
Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
S/S: Moon face, Buffalo hump, and Truncal obesity
What is the Ketone Cycle?
When the body does not have enough glucose, it turns to its fat storage, and the liver then breaks down the fat to produce ketones, which are then released into the bloodstream to travel to the organs for energy.
What are the three types of anemia?
Iron Deficient, B12 deficient(pernicious) and Aplastic
Where are our platelets stored?
2/3 circulating in the blood to maintain homeostasis
1/3 is stored in the spleen