week 9
What is the smallest unit of sound in a language?
Phoneme
Which theory assumes that people make rational choices based only on mathematical payoff?
Answer: What is expected value theory?
Which type of thinking is fast, automatic, and intuitive?
Answer: What is Type 1 processing?
What is the process of achieving goals by overcoming obstacles?
Answer: What is problem solving?
This type of aphasia makes speech production difficult or impossible, but comprehension stays mostly intact.
Answer: What is non-fluent (Broca’s) aphasia?
What is the smallest unit of meaning in language?
Morpheme
When people choose based on personal meaning or satisfaction, not just numbers, which theory explains this?
Answer: What is expected utility theory?
Which type of thinking is slow, deliberate, and analytical?
Answer: What is Type 2 processing?
What term describes thinking about an object only in terms of its traditional use?
Answer: What is functional fixedness?
This type of aphasia allows speech to flow smoothly but makes it nonsensical or “word salad.”
Answer: What is fluent (Wernicke’s) aphasia?
When children learn two languages at the same time, this is called what?
Answer: What is simultaneous bilingualism?
What is the tendency to rely too heavily on an initial piece of information when making decisions?
Answer: What is anchoring bias?
When someone judges value based on how much effort went into something, which heuristic are they using?
Answer: What is the effort heuristic?
What type of problem requires a sudden “Aha!” realization to solve?
Answer: What is an insight problem?
Even after a study is retracted and proven fraudulent, its original supporters continue citing it to justify their arguments.
Belief perseverance
Which theory proposes that both verbal and visual codes are used to represent information?
Answer: What is the dual-coding hypothesis?
Which heuristic makes people judge likelihood by how easily examples come to mind?
Answer: What is the availability heuristic?
What bias leads people to seek out information that supports their beliefs?
Answer: What is confirmation bias?
What is the approach where problem solving involves moving from an initial state to a goal state using operators?
Answer: What is the information processing approach?
A researcher finds results that don’t match his hypothesis, so he reruns analyses until he finds a version that does.
Confirmation bias
What does language-dependent memory predict about recall in bilinguals?
Answer: What is better recall when the language at retrieval matches the language used during encoding?
What is the reasoning error where people judge “A and B” as more likely than “A” alone?
Answer: What is the conjunction fallacy?
When people continue to hold a belief even after clear evidence disproves it, what is that called?
Answer: What is belief perseverance?
Setting subgoals to reduce the difference between current and goal states describes which strategy?
Answer: What is means–ends analysis?
Setting subgoals to reduce the difference between current and goal states describes which strategy?
Answer: What is means–ends analysis?