Emotions, Aggression and Stress
Which theory of emotion suggests bodily responses evoke emotional experience?
James-Lang
In schizophrenia there are several changes in the brain, including enlargement of the _______ and decreased activity of the frontal lobes.
Lateral ventricles
Learning results in changes in the structure and function of synapses. This is called what?
Neuroplasticity
Patient H.M. had his medial temporal lobes removed, resulting in a type of memory loss called
anterograde amnesia
When the focus of our attention coincides with the orientation of our vision, this is called what?
Overt attention
When people are shown visual stimuli associated with pain or fear, fear-specific activity is observed in _______ neurons
amygdala
The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that glutamate is too _______ in the brain for those affected.
Low
The stable and enduring increase in the effectiveness of synapses is called what?
Long-term potentiation
When we use memory to perform a learned ability such as playing a musical instrument, we are using _______ memory.
implicit/procedural/nondeclarative
What is the term to describe purely subjective experiences of perceptions?
Qualia
Which area is key for the conscious awareness of emotion?
The insula
Typical antipsychotics
LTP relies on which neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
Place cells, located in the ______________, are active when an animal moves through its environment or toward a particular location.
hippocampus
Name two ERPs that demonstrate attention enhances processing.
N1 and P1
Low levels of the neurotransmitter _______ have been particularly implicated in increased aggression in animals, including humans.
serotonin
What other treatment option has been shown to be as effective as medication in depression?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
The induction of LTP requires the removal of which ion from NMDA channels?
Magnesium (Mg2+)
Long-term memories are stored where?
The cortex
What brain region plays a critical role in generating the experience of being conscious?
The claustrum
At the end of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, _________ is released.
cortisol
Benzodiazepines treat anxiety disorders by altering the transmission of which neurotransmitter?
GABA
After LTP, the synapse is enhanced due to an increase in what kind of glutamate receptor?
AMPA
This neurotransmitter enhancing memory formation during times of strong emotion and stress.
Norepinephrine
What region is responsible for steering attention toward novel or unexpected stimuli?
The temporoparietal junction