Family Structure, Marriage, and Inequality
Marrying inside your social, racial, or religious group.
What is endogamy
Household labor done after paid labor.
What is the second shift
Sorting students into different tracks based on perceived ability.
What is tracking
Redefining ordinary conditions as medical problems.
What is medicalization
Health outcomes depend on environment, access to care, and economic stability.
What are social determinants of health
Kin networks that extend outside or beyond the nuclear family.
What is extended family?
Planning, scheduling, remembering, and managing household needs.
What is mental load
Teacher expectations that shape student outcomes.
What is the Pygmalion effect
Removing a condition from medical classification.
What is demedicalization
Immigrants often arrive healthier than later generations.
What is the Latino Paradox
Combining children and parents from earlier relationships.
What is a blended family
Economic disadvantage mothers face in the workplace.
What is the motherhood penalty
Fear of confirming a negative belief harms academic performance.
What is stereotype threat
Illness definitions that shift based on culture and history.
What is the social construction of illness
Even with higher education, racism and chronic stress worsen health outcomes for Black women.
What is the diminishing health returns hypothesis
Court ruling that removed laws against interracial marriage and shifted legal norms.
What is Loving v Virginia
A child takes on caregiving responsibilities usually performed by a parent.
What is parentification
Knowledge, skills, style, and connections valued by institutions.
What is cultural capital
The person with illness is excused from roles but must work toward recovery and seek help.
What is the sick role
Losing public benefits after taking a job with low wages and high childcare costs.
What is the welfare work penalty
When economic stress and limited support systems increase the likelihood of harm inside families.
What are structural causes of family violence
Manipulation intended to control a partner by making them doubt their own perception.
What is gaslighting
Unspoken school norms like knowing how to use office hours or email professors.
What is the hidden curriculum
Insurance, technology, and the internet reduced the dominance of this profession.
Who are doctors
Conflicting demands from schools that require money and time most available to middle class parents.
What are hidden costs of school involvement