Column 1
Where does transcription of rotavirus viral mRNAs take place?
A. Host cell nucleus
B. Within the virion
C. Host cell mitochondria
D. Within the host cell ER
B. Within the virion
The Sabin oral polio vaccine reduces viral transmission by stimulating which class of antibody at mucosal sites?
A. IgD
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgA
D. IgA
Which of the following is a common feature of all flaviviruses?
A. They are all non-enveloped
B. Replication at the endoplasmic reticulum
C. Transmitted by insects
D. All of the above
B. Replication at the endoplasmic reticulum
Four coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1) are endemic throughout the world. Which of the following is true of these endemic coronaviruses?
A. They are associated with common cold-like symptoms
B. Immunity to these virus lasts longer than to SARS-CoV2
C. Their primary host species are human
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
How does the production of exomes protect against coronavirus infection?
A. Exomes contain type 1 interferons
B. Exomes deliver the mRNA vaccine
C. Exomes is another name for antibodies
D. Exomes can bind directly to the virus
D. Exomes can bind directly to the virus
Which of the following type of Influenza can undergo antigenic shift?
A. Influenza C
B. Influenza A
C. Influenza D
D. Influenza B
B. Influenza A
Which of the following characteristic contributes primarily to antigenic shift in influenza viruses?
A. Errors in RNA replication
B. Segmented genomes
C. Cleaving sialic acid by NA
D. Infection of lung epithelium
B. Segmented genomes
Where do picornaviruses replicate?
A. In the cytoplasm
B. In the nucleus
C. In the mitochondria
D. Outside of the cell
A. In the cytoplasm
Which of the following is common to all the Class IV and V viruses discussed in this section of the course?
A. Presence of a virus encoded RNA dependent RNA polymerase
B. Presence of a double stranded genome
C. They all replicate their genome in the nucleus of the host cell
D. All of the above
A. Presence of a virus encoded RNA dependent RNA polymerase
What is an early symptom of polio infection?
A. Fever
B. Diarrhea
C. Paralysis
D. Vomiting
B. Diarrhea
Which of the following is the cell type that rotaviruses infect?
A. Enterocytes
B. Goblet cells
C. Peyer cell
D. Neuronal cells
A. Enterocytes
Hepatitis C virus is associated with a B cell lymphoma due to activation of which of the following host cell enzymes?
A. RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase
B. Caspase
C. Cathepsin
D. Activation induces deaminase
D. Activation induces deaminase
Cells infected with rotaviruses contain a structure called a viroplasm. What best describes the viroplasm?
A. The host chromosomes degraded due to apoptosis
B. A site where viral genomes and proteins are being assembles into new virions.
C. A single large virion
D. The host cell nucleus where the virus replicates
B. A site where viral genomes and proteins are being assembles into new virions.
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic between Coronaviruses and other Class IV viruses?
A. Coronavirus is not translated in the host's cytoplasm unlike most other Class IV viruses
B. Most (+) ssRNA viruses are directly translated into one long polyprotein, but the Coronavirus gene ORF 1 ab contains a frameshift that makes replication discontinuous
C. The coronavirus genome is much smaller than other Class IV viruses, which makes its replication much faster
D. Coronavirus unlike the other class IV managed to take over the world and ruin the lives of all 8 billion humans alive at the time.
C.
D.
B. Most (+) ssRNA viruses are directly translated into one long polyprotein, but the Coronavirus gene ORF 1 ab contains a frameshift that makes replication discontinuous
What is the route of transmission for the Hepatitis A virus?
A. Respiratory
B. Insect vector
C. Fecal-oral
D. Blood borne
C. Fecal-oral
Which receptor is necessary for the ATTACHMENT of SARS-CoV-2 to the host cell?
A. Sialic Acid
B. TMPRSS2
C. ACE2
D. Globoside
C. ACE2
Yes or No? RIG-1 is a PAMP receptor that detects double stranded RNA . Would single strand RNA genome viruses be detected by RIG-1?
Yes
Drugs such as Remdesivir are a class of nucleoside or nucleotide analogs. What phase of the life cycle of viruses such as SARS-CoV2 or Ebola do these drugs interfere with?
A. Attachment
B. RNA replication and transcription
C. Uncoating
D. Fusion
B. RNA replication and transcription
A drug that blocks the protease activity of the TMPRSS2 cell surface protein would directly block what aspect of the SARS-SoV2 lifecycle?
A. Attachment
B. Release
C. Fusion
D. Translation of viral mRNAs
C. Fusion
Which cell type is responsible for the transport of Poliovirus into the gut lymphoid tissue?
A. Enterochromaffin cells
B. Neuroendocrine cells
C. Bronchial cell
D. M cells
D. M cells
How was it demonstrated that the genomes present in Orthomyxovirus virions are anti- or negative sense?
A. The genomes in the virion cannot base-pair or hybridize with the viral mRNA in the infected cell
B. The viral genomes contain a poly-A tail like mRNAs
C. The genomes in the virion are the anti-sense to the viral mRNA in an infected cell and were found to base-pair or hybridize with the viral mRNA
D. Viral genomes can serve directly as mRNA resulting in translation of functional viral proteins
C. The genomes in the virion are the anti-sense to the viral mRNA in an infected cell and were found to base-pair or hybridize with the viral mRNA
Which of these is an advantage of the live attenuated oral polio vaccine over the killed polio vaccine?
A. Only the live oral vaccine stimulates IgG in the blood
B. The live oral vaccine cannot mutate back to a pathogenic form.
C. Only the live oral vaccine stimulate immunity in the gut, blocking viral transmission
D. Only the live oral vaccine can protect against the paralytic form of the disease
C. Only the live oral vaccine stimulate immunity in the gut, blocking viral transmission
Which form of the Hepatitis A virus would you expect to find in a patient's bloodstream?
A. The double-stranded RNA form of the virus
B. The non-enveloped form of the virus
C. The enveloped form of the virus
D. None, the virus never enters the blood
C. The enveloped form of the virus
mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 substitute N-methylpseudouridine in the primary sequence of the RNA structure. What purpose does this serve to the vaccine?
A. mRNA contains N-methylpseudouridine encodes a modified version of the spike protein that is more immunogenic
B. Exogenous N-methylpseudouridine is less toxic to the patient's kidneys than normal protein that is more immunogenic.
C. mRNA with N-methylpseudouridine instead of uridine don't interact normally with TLR-7 and therefore don't activate a pro-inflammatory response
D. Coronaviruses normally use N-methylpseudouridine in their genome, so it helps to mimic the wild-type virus.
C. mRNA with N-methylpseudouridine instead of uridine don't interact normally with TLR-7 and therefore don't activate a pro-inflammatory response
Why are many of the B cell lymphomas in Hep.C patients due to B cell clones that were specific for Hepatitis C Virus?
A. HCV specific B cells are found only in the liver
B. HCV kills cytotoxic T cells
C. By HCV binding the cell surface immunoglobulin, the B call is more likely to be activated.
D. A large percentage of human B cells are neturally specific for HCV
C. By HCV binding the cell surface immunoglobulin, the B call is more likely to be activated.