Types of Cell Signaling
Cell signaling where the signaling cell also can receive the message
What is autocrine signaling
The role of secondary messengers is to....
rapidly increase a signal
This enzyme unzips or separates the strands of DNA
what is helicase?
what type of bond links the sugars to the phosphates?
what is a phosphodiester bond?
This scientist was an expert X-ray crystallographer
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
Cell signaling that occurs between cells and dependent on physical contact between the cells
what is juxtacrine signaling
A ligand and a receptor usually have a _____ bond
what is non covalent bond like hydrogen bonds are VDW attractions?
this enzymes synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides
what is dna polymerase
These type of bonds are attractions between bases on opposite dna strands
what are hydrogen bonds
These individuals used models to determine the 3D structure of DNA
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?
Cell signaling where the signaling cell is near another cell
extra points: what is an example of this type of signaling?
what is paracrine signaling
extra credit: synapses
This type of interaction between a ligand and a receptor results in continuous cell signaling
What is a covalent bond?
this enzymes glues the Okazaki fragments together
what is ligase?
which bases are the purines?
what is adenine and guanine
who is Ewan Chargaff?
cell signaling where the signal is carried to the receiving sell through the circulatory system?
what is endocrine signaling
This is a common result of a kinase cascade.
What is phosphate groups being added to protein?
this enzyme relaxes the supercoil of DNA
what is topoisomerase?
A possible complementary sequence to this DNA template would be...
3'-AATAGGCTA-5'
what is 5'-TTATCGGAT-3'
These individuals confirmed that DNA was semi conservative through the use of nitrogen isotopes
Who are Meselson and Stahl?
List the 3 stages of cell signaling in order and describe them
what is receptor activation, signal transduction, and cellular response
This type of cellular receptor is capable of adding a direct phosphate group
what is enzyme linked receptor
This protects the unpaired DNA strands during replication
if chargraff showed A always equals T and G always equals C and they all add up to 100%.. would he found this same result if he measured these bases in RNA?
NO! RNA uses U not T and RNA is single stranded
These folks showed that DNA, not protein, was the inherited macromolecule
Who are Avery, Macleod, and Mccarthy