Development
In language development, an example of is calling all vegetables "potato".
What is an overextension?
This person was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis.
Who was Sigmund Freud?
A phenomenon in which people fail to offer needed help in emergencies, especially when other people are present in the same setting.
What is the bystander effect?
The latest edition of the manual that provides standardized criteria for the classification of mental health disorders.
What is the DSM-V?
Any class of antidepressants that are thought to act by blocking the reuptake of serotonin into serotonin-containing presynaptic neurons in the central nervous system
What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
In Piagetian theory, the tendency to perceive the situation from one’s own perspective, believing that others see things from the same point of view as oneself
What is egocentrism?
In classical psychoanalytic theory, the regulatory mechanism that represents the demands of the external world and requires the individual to forgo or modify instinctual gratification or to postpone it to a more appropriate time.
What is the reality principle?
An experimental paradigm used to study conformity to group opinion. Participants make judgments as part of a group of confederates who make errors deliberately on certain trials. The extent to which participants publicly agree with the erroneous group judgment or resist the pressure to do so and remain independent provides a measure of conformity.
Asch situation or Asch's line length studies
A disorder characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts that prompt the performance of neutralizing rituals.
What is obsessive compulsive disorder?
Any form of psychotherapy based on the theory that a client’s problems cannot be resolved without their gaining self-understanding and thus becoming aware of their origins (e.g., psychoanalysis and humanistic approaches).
What are insight therapies?
An experimental technique used to assess quality of attachment in infants and young children (up to the age of 2).
What is the Strange Situation?
This defense mechanism enables a person conflicted over expressing anger to change “I hate them” to “They hate me.”
What is projection?
An American social psychologist known for his controversial and groundbreaking experiments on obedience to authority.
Who is Stanley Milgram?
The percentage of pairs of twins or other blood relatives who exhibit a particular trait or disorder.
What is the concordance rate?
A form of psychotherapy based on the concept that emotional and behavioral problems in an individual are, at least in part, the result of maladaptive or faulty ways of thinking and distorted attitudes toward oneself and others.
What is cognitive therapy?
A reflex in which a newborn infant, when startled, throws out the arms, extends the fingers, and often quickly brings the arms back together as if clutching or embracing.
What is the Moro reflex?
This term is associated especially with Abraham Maslow, and involves the complete realization that one is capable, involving maximum development of abilities and full involvement in and appreciation for life, particularly as manifest in peak experiences.
What is self-actualization?
The tendency to overestimate the degree to which an individual’s behavior is determined by their personal characteristics, attitudes, or beliefs and, correspondingly, to minimize the influence of the surrounding situation on that behavior (e.g., financial or social pressures).
What is the fundamental attribution error?
In schizophrenia, these symptoms appear as apathy, blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, and lack of spontaneity.
What are negative symptoms?
This form of behavior therapy involves the following stages: (a) The client is trained in deep-muscle relaxation; (b) various anxiety-provoking situations related to a particular problem, such as fear of death or a specific phobia, are listed in order from weakest to strongest; and (c) each of these situations is presented in imagination or in reality, beginning with the weakest, while the client practices muscle relaxation.
What is systematic desensitization?
In Piagetian theory, the third major stage of cognitive development, occurring approximately from 7 to 12 years of age, in which children are less egocentric, and can think logically about physical objects and about specific situations or experiences involving those objects.
What is the concrete operational stage?
One of the dimensions of the five-factor personality model, characterized by emotional instability and proneness to psychological distress
What is neuroticism?
The mental tension that occurs when someone holds conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes, or when their behavior contradicts what they believe.
What is cognitive dissonance?
The five major categories of anxiety disorders.
What are specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder?
The hallmark of this therapeutic approach is the assumption that much mental activity is unconscious and that understanding people requires interpreting the unconscious meaning underlying their overt behavior.
What is psychoanalysis?