11: Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
When someone sees or hears things that aren’t actually there, they are experiencing this symptom.
What are hallucinations?
A student consistently avoids group projects because they fear being judged and rejected, even though they want close friendships.
What is avoidant personality disorder?
Persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in multiple settings that interfere with functioning is characteristic of this disorder.
What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
This neurological disorder is caused by damage to brain neurons that affect thinking, memory, and behavior.
What is dementia?
When a person is deemed unable to understand the nature or wrongfulness of their actions at the time of a crime, they may plead this.
What is not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI)?
A person believes their coworkers are secretly plotting against them despite no evidence. This is an example of this type of symptom.
What are delusions?
Childhood abuse, parental neglect, attachment disruptions, and overprotection are examples of this category of influences and are theorized to increase risk for developing a personality disorder.
What are family factors?
A 10-year-old child has frequent temper tantrums that are disproportionate to situations and lives with persistent irritability most of the day, nearly every day, for over a year.
What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)?
An 82-year-old patient has gradually lost the ability to remember recent events, struggles with language, and has difficulty performing everyday tasks. Symptoms have slowly worsened over the past few years.
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
This type of civil commitment allows individuals to be hospitalized against their will if they are a danger to themselves or others due to a mental disorder.
What is involuntary commitment?
This disorder involves psychotic symptoms lasting longer than one month but less than six months.
What is schizophreniform disorder?
Nicole, 24, has had three rocky relationships over the years. When she gets a sense that her partner is losing interest, she lashes out in fear that they will abandon her. She always feels bad after, so she spends the entire day online shopping to get her mind off of things.
What is borderline personality disorder?
This disorder is about 4 times more common in boys than girls, though girls may be underdiagnosed.
What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
After this event, cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms can emerge immediately or gradually, depending on the severity and location of the injury.
This legal standard was the second-established factor to determine insanity: the person must not understand the nature of the act or know it was wrong.
What is the M’Naghten Rule?
A 19-year-old has been socially withdrawn, skipping classes, and neglecting their hygiene for several months before developing hallucinations.
What is the prodromal phase?
Impulse control disorders are marked by a sense of ___ before the impulsive act, and a sense of ____ after the impulsive act.
What are tension and relief?
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) often appears before this other disorder in some children, but most children with ODD do not develop it.
What is a conduct disorder?
A reversible form of dementia in older adults is often caused by low levels of this vitamin.
What is vitamin B12?
Approximately __% of violent crimes are associated with psychological disorders.
What is 10 percent?
A 22-year-old believes the television is sending them secret messages meant only for them and that strangers can hear their thoughts
What are delusions of reference and thought broadcasting?
The DSM-5 currently classifies Personality Disorders into three categories, based on the nature of presenting behavior.
What is (Odd or Eccentric Behavior), (Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior), and (Anxious and Fearful Behavior)
This disorder is the most common anxiety disorder in children, and it usually resolves naturally in most kids by adolescence.
What is separation anxiety disorder?
A patient in the ICU is experiencing confusion, hallucinations, and agitation. Labs reveal electrolyte imbalances, and their symptoms worsen at night. The medical team suspects this condition.
What is delirium?
The duty-to-warn provision has raised these two dilemmas for clinicians.
What are lack of confidentiality and inability to predict dangerousness?