Type 1 Diabtes
A 14-year-old presents with polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and glucose of 320 mg/dL. What is the underlying cause of this condition?
What is autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells?
An adult patient presents with fatigue, recurrent yeast infections, and glucose of 250 mg/dL. What is the underlying problem?
What is insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion?
A patient takes rapid-acting insulin and asks when they should eat. What is the best response?
What is eat immediately after administration?
A patient with diabetes has polyuria and signs of dehydration. What complication is developing?
What is hypovolemia?
A diabetic patient has decreased urine output. What is the priority concern?
What is dehydration/hypovolemia?
A patient with Type 1 diabetes is admitted with dehydration and confusion. Blood glucose is 450 mg/dL. What is the priority intervention?
What is initiate IV fluids (0.9% normal saline)?
A patient with Type 2 diabetes is admitted with extremely high glucose but no ketosis. What complication is suspected?
What is HHNS (hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome)?
A patient receives short-acting insulin at 8 AM. When is hypoglycemia most likely to occur?
What is during peak time (2–5 hours later)?
A patient with DKA presents with deep, rapid respirations and fruity breath. What is the priority diagnosis?
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
A patient with diabetes is confused and lethargic. What is the FIRST assessment?
What is check blood glucose?
A patient in DKA develops Kussmaul respirations. What is the nurse’s interpretation of this finding?
What is metabolic acidosis compensation?
A newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic asks what lifestyle change is most important. What is the best response?
What is carbohydrate counting and nutrition management?
A nurse is reviewing long-acting insulin. What is a key characteristic?
What is it has no peak?
A patient with extremely high glucose becomes lethargic but has no ketones. What is the priority concern?
What is HHNS?
A nurse is caring for a DKA patient. Which assessment is most important to monitor neurological status?
What is level of consciousness?
A patient in DKA has elevated potassium levels. Why is this occurring?
What is potassium shifting out of cells into the bloodstream due to acidosis?
A patient on oral antidiabetics develops symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which medication class is most likely responsible?
What are sulfonylureas?
A patient becomes shaky and diaphoretic after insulin administration. What is the priority action?
What is check blood glucose and treat for hypoglycemia?
A diabetic patient becomes confused with blood glucose of 50 mg/dL. What is the priority intervention?
What is administer glucose immediately?
A patient is learning insulin injections. What teaching is most important for safety?
What is proper injection sites and rotation?
A patient’s blood glucose is decreasing rapidly during DKA treatment. Why must the nurse slow the correction?
What is to prevent complications from rapid glucose shifts (like cerebral edema)?
A patient taking metformin is scheduled for a CT scan with contrast. What is the priority nursing action?
What is hold metformin due to risk of lactic acidosis?
A patient is on a basal-bolus regimen. What is the purpose of this therapy?
What is to mimic normal insulin secretion (baseline + meals)?
A patient with DKA is being treated with insulin. What electrolyte must be closely monitored?
What is potassium?
A patient’s glucose is 400 mg/dL with signs of dehydration. What is the FIRST priority?
What is fluid resuscitation before insulin?