Grow up, Glow up
What is the name of the scale used to assess biological maturity instead of chronological age?
SMR (Sexual Maturity Rating) aka Tanner staging
What term describes the decline in appetite often seen in older adults?
anorexia of aging
What is the recommended percentage of calories from carbohydrates for adults, according to AMDR?
45–65% of total calories
What is the minimum number of minutes of physical activity recommended per week for basic functioning?
150 minutes of moderate activity per week include muscle work 2X / week
What law, associated with Michelle Obama, reformed school meals in 2010? What were concerns?
Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
•Concerns about cost, food waste, and lower participation
T/F: The sequence of puberty events is always pretty much the same, but the timing can vary greatly.
TRUE
Which two races are more likely to develop osteoporosis, and which is less likely?
Whites and Asians with more osteoporosis (petite thin women)
Blacks less
Adolescents often fall short on which three important food groups or nutrients?
Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products
What is neuroplasticity, and how is physical activity related to it?
The brain can form new synapses; physical activity promotes this growth and resilience
What fraction of daily nutrition intake is away from home (adolescents)? Sources?
One-third
−School meals
−Vending machines
−School canteens and stores
−Fast-food restaurants
−Convenience or corner stores
Average menarche occurs around what age, and does the fastest growth in height happen before or after it?
Average menarche 12.5 yo
Peak linear growth occurs six to 12 months prior to menarche – growth spurt lasts about 2 years
aka once you get period you are kind of done growing
What is the basic idea behind the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory of aging?
oxidative stress accumulates and it is due to free radicals which are normal byproducts of metabolism and antioxidants can neutralize free radicals
What is sarcopenia, and why would older adults benefit from more protein than the standard RDA?
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function; more protein (1.0–1.5 g/kg) helps counteract it
What is immunosenescence, and how does it impact older adults?
Age-related immune decline causing more susceptibility to infection and inflammation
What are some changes Tufts and UF made to MyPlate to better support older adults?
Tufts includes: video, shopping tips, physical activity, recipes; UF includes fortified foods, text to describe food groups, food pattern with range of calories
Peak linear growth in males begins at what age? When does sperm become viable?
great deal of variation in chronological age
Peak velocity of linear growth occurs following testicular enlargement and faint facial hair
viable sperm first produced during puberty (~ 1 year after testicles begin to enlarge)
Why might B12 absorption be impaired in older adults?
30% of elderly have atrophic gastritis which means their stomach is inflamed so intrinstic factor is not secreted as much which is essential for B12 to absorb
Explain how to calculate protein needs for an adolescent given their weight and the recommended g/kg.
Multiply 0.85 g/kg by the adolescent’s weight in kg
Define ectopic fat and explain why its accumulation is harmful.
ectopic fat - overflow of fat past what is normal to be there - as in there is appropriately some fat in liver and muscle but etopic is more and more
What is Title IIIC of Older Americans Act
◦Title IIIC of Older Americans Act
◦Age 60 and over can participate
◦Congregate dining or home-delivered meals (homebound)
◦Targeted to where older, frail, impoverished seniors live
◦Individuals contribute to cost of meal according to means
◦1/3 of DRI in meal
◦
◦IN FY 2020 over 225 million home delivered meals serviced
◦ and over 25 million congregate meals
◦ElderCare of Alachua County – 6 congregate sites and home delivery - ~700 meals a day - https://eldercare.ufhealth.org/about-eldercare/
What factors contribute to early menarche in females, and why can it be considered a problem?
Early menarche 4X more likely in overweight/obese and we know fat is endocrinologically active tissue so it could be a factor
If start puberty earlier – growth plates close earlier so shorter height
Still a lot to learn about this
What are the key differences between the DETERMINE, MNA, and MUST screening tools for older adult nutrition risk?
DETERMINE: Addresses risk factors that lead to interventions to prevent malnutrition
MNA: commonly used – clinical, home-care and community - easy and validated – identifies individuals at risk of malnutrition – particularly good for elderly
MUST: tool identifies individuals who are malnourished or at risk – predicts ability to combat disease
Brunnig said
instead of what are differences in purpose maybe concentrate on the points that indicate malnutrition
What’s the ballpark method for estimating an adult’s energy needs, and how does it adjust per decade?
Ballpark method - should show as 13 to lose, 15 to maintain, 17 to gain
(calories/pound)
Alzheimer’s disease has been linked with insulin resistance. What nickname has been given to this connection?
Type 3 Diabetes or 'Diabetes of the Brain'
What is “nutrition integrity” in the context of school food systems, and why does it matter?
All foods served should align with dietary guidelines to support child health and learning