Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission
These are two types of receptors with inhibitory effects and two types of receptors with excitatory effects.
What are glycine and GABAa receptors (inhibitory) and AMPA and NMDA receptors (excitatory)?
This process underlies learning and allows for a stronger postsynaptic response to a repeated stimulus.
What is long term potentiation (LTP?)
This equation links microscopic and macroscopic current.
What is I=N*Popen*i?
True or false- neurons usually require just one excitatory input to fire.
What is false?
L, T, P/Q and R type channels are gated by ____ and are permeable to ____.
What are voltage gated, calcium?
These two characteristics determine whether a synapse is excitatory or inhibitory.
What are the type of neurotransmitter released, and the type of receptors present?
This part of the postsynaptic cell is where an action potential is often initiated.
What is the axon hillock?
The definition of lambda.
What is the length constant, the distance at which you are 2/3 to the final voltage?
This theory describes the properties of passive axons.
What is cable theory?
Acetylcholine is metabolized by this enzyme.
What is acetylcholinesterase?
True or false- if an IPSP and an EPSP occur simultaneously in a cell, threshold is likely to be reached.
What is false?
These two characteristics, besides stimulus intensity, can affect the postsynaptic response to a stimulus
What is the location of the stimulus and the size of the postsynaptic cell?
The definition of gamma.
What is single channel conductance?
-Can be used to find single channel current with i=gamma(Vm-Vrev)
This glial cell type wraps axons in a conducting layer, increasing lambda by increasing membrane resistance and decreasing membrane capacitance.
What are oligodendrocytes?
NMDARs are called 'coincidence detectors' because of these two properties.
What is Mg block (voltage dependence) and agonist gating (glutamate and glycine)?
This property results in GABAaRs being excitatory during development and inhibitory during adulthood.
What is different chloride concentrations?
Two major differences between neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and in the brain?
What is differences in neurotransmitters and receptors, and different number of inputs onto a postsynaptic cell?
The equation for lambda.
What is lambda= (rm/ri)^.5?
What are spatial and temporal summation?
In electrical synapses, this channel type allows for direct flow of current from one cell to another.
What is a connexon?
The definition of shunting inhibition.
What is the outward current flow when GABAaRs are open through other channels?
The difference between desensitization and deactivation in an AMPAR.
What is the reduction in current in the the present of an agonist (often through calcium mediated mechanisms) vs the kinetics of closure after an agonist has been washed away?
Capacitive input for a cell with a diameter of 20 um.
What is 12.6 pF?
The reason it is important to have K(v) and Na(v) on long dendrites.
What is a boosting effect?
-Dendrites aren't myelinated, so if they're particularly far away from the soma, voltage gated channels help propagate the signal (if it's strong enough).
These are the effects of eliminating the arginine in the pore lining region of an AMPAR.
What is loss of Na selectivity, intracellular polyamine block at positive potential (inward rectifying), high single channel conductance