Operant Conditioning Basics
Behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated whereas behaviors followed by negative consequences are less likely to be repeated
What is Thorndike's Law of Effect?
____contingency is better for effective operant conditioning
Theory that reinforcers are reinforcing because they reduce the drive for physiological needs
What is Hull's Drive Reduction Theory?
What is superstitious behavior?
Every time you put money in a vending machine, you get food
What is continuous reinforcement?
Type of operant conditioning underlying getting out of bed to make the annoying sound of the alarm turn off
What is negative reinforcement?
The effect of signaling a delay in reinforcement or punishment on operant learning
What is increase effectiveness of operant conditioning/decrease detriment from delay
The Relative Value Theory does not effectively explain
What are secondary reinforcers?
Rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior
What is shaping?
Schedule of reinforcement: after you get 10 punches on a punchcard at Chipotle, you get a free burrito bowl
What is fixed ratio (FR) 10 schedule?
One of the 7 measures of learning (intensity, topography, rate, fluency, speed, errors, latency), behavioral momentum
Being tired is an _____ operation for the reinforcement your dog gets from playing and an _____ operation for punishing too much playing behavior
What is abolishing; establishing?
Someone gets food from Cookout a lot but doesn't study a lot. According to the Relative Value Theory, how could you reinforce studying?
What is make getting Cookout contingent upon studying
Checking Netflix on Wednesday after a new episode of your favorite show has dropped
Fixed interval schedule
What type of reinforcer involved: wearing gloves in the snow to keep your hands warm
What is primary and natural
This theory proposes that a behavior becomes reinforcing when an individual is deprived of performing that behavior relative to its baseline
What is the Response Deprivation Theory?
How can you use operant conditioning to increase creativity?
What is reward random or creative behavior?
Two theories explaining the Partial Reinforcement Effect that posit that a cue signals that reinforcement will eventually follow continued behavior.
Frustration and Sequential Hypothesis
Name an important distinction between Pavlovian and Operant conditioning
A reason that a longer period of time between a behavior and a reinforcer can impair operant learning
the longer a delay, the more time there is for other behaviors to occur
This theory explains that negative reinforcement occurs when conditioned fear develops to the context associated with a shock and escaping from that context is reinforcing
Name one way to promote success for shaping a behavior
What is use small steps, give reinforcement immediately, use small reinforcers, reward good luck, or back up if one step is too difficult?
In a ______compound schedule, reinforcement is given after each simple schedule, but in a _____ it is only given at the end when all simple schedules have been completed.
Multiple or mixed; chain or tandem