Risk Factors
What is one sociocultural risk factor for substance use disorder?
Peer Group Influence or Social Norms
What is a psychoactive substance?
A chemical compound that alters mood, perception, or behavior. Examples include alcohol, cocaine, MDMA, tobacco, and many more.
How much time might someone with anorexia spend thinking about food?
90-100% of their time.
What is psychosis?
A state defined by a loss of contact with reality
True or False: Brief psychotic disorder is more common in women, compared to men
True! It is 2x more common in women
What is the heritability rate for Schizophrenia?
~.80
Which substance is the most widely abused?
Alcohol
What is a binge?
A binge primarily consists of feeling out of control and unable to stop, usually over a two hour time frame, and might result in someone feeling uncomfortably full.*
*A binge can be defined as eating any "bad food" in any amount, independent of fullness, as long as they still feel out of control.
What are some differences between positive and negative symptoms in psychotic disorders?
Positive symptoms "add" something, like a visual hallucination, while negative symptoms "take away" such as lowering outward emotional expression.
What age group has the highest rate of substance use disorder?
Ages 18-25
Under what circumstance are male eating disorders more common?
Weight based sports, such as wrestling or horse racing.
Wanting to stop, but being unable to cut down on use is an example of what symptom of substance use disorder?
Impaired Control
What is UFED and how is the diagnosis used in treatment?
UFED stands for Unspecific Feeding or Eating Disorder, used when someone has unclear presentation, or if there isn't enough time to get a full diagnosis (such as in emergencies).
If someone is experiencing only one positive symptom for less than two months, what stage of schizophrenia are they in?
Psychotic Prephase - We would expect to see escalation with more positive and negative symptoms for the active phase.
For which eating disorder is the ratio of men/women nearly equal?
Binge-Eating Disorder
What behavior is considered a high risk factor for eating/weight disorders?
Dieting!
Physiological Dependence includes what components?
Tolerance, withdrawal, and cravings
What are the subtypes for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
Anorexia: Restricting Type and Binging/Purging Type
Bulimia: Purging Type and Nonpurging Type
How is schizoaffective disorder different from depression with psychotic features?
Schizoaffective disorder has the psychotic symptoms as the primary feature, but also includes all the important symptoms of a mood disorder.
Around what percent of Americans, 12 or older, currently abuse drugs (including alcohol and tobacco)?
60.2%!
What is reward deficiency syndrome, and which disorder is it considered a risk factor for?
The brain requires more dopamine to get a pleasurable effect, which can result in more substance seeking behaviors - increasing risk for substance use disorder
If someone does not have social/occupational problems, can they still qualify for substance use disorder?
Yes, assuming they have at least 2+ symptoms from any of the other categories.
What is one difference between Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa?
Anorexia is primarily a restricting disorder, and bulimia is primarily a binge/purge disorder. While anorexia can have binges/purges, they are not as common as bulimia, and while dieting is common with bulimia, it is not as restrictive or intense as anorexia.
*Also differences in NTs, hunger cues, etc.
What is the difference between Loose Association and Tangentiality?
Tangentiality is where mostly complete thoughts are linked together in very tangential ways.
Loose association is usually incomplete fragments of thought where there's almost no connection between them.
What is the average amount of potential life lost for someone diagnosed with schizophrenia?
28.5 years