Chapter 10
The modes of speciation
What is allopatric and sympatric speciation?
This represents relationships across species/ groups, depicts the common ancestors between groups, sometimes includes living and non living forms.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
A Biome with low diversity, low precipitation, and very low seasonal temperature.
What is a Tundra?
Study of populations and their interactions with the environment, including density, distribution, age structure, and population size
What is population ecology?
What is B = b*N
B = expected births per year
b = per capita birth rate
N = number of individuals in a population
Geographic barrier impede interbreeding between populations.
What is allopatric speciation?
The end of Phylogenetic trees which organisms that are extant and sometimes extinct are compared.
What are tips?
One of these does not makeup climate: light, temperature, salinity, wind, precipitation (water).
What is salinity?
The property of a population that describes when individuals aggregate into patches.
What is dispersion and clumped?
The per capita growth rate (r) gets smaller as pop approaches its max size
what it logistical growth.
A subset of a population forms a new species without geographic barriers or separation.
What is sympatric speciation?
The second requirement to use "molecular clocks".
What is a calibration point?
The factors that determine dominant vegetation types (biomes).
What are precipitation and climate?
Describe a Type 1 survivorship curve and name a population that usually falls into that category.
What is the low mortality of juveniles and high mortality in eldest individuals and humans, many mammals, or some large birds?
These are examples of what:
low food supply, diseases, predators, limited space
What are factors of carrying capacity?
Populations diverge due to adaptations to local environments, reproductive isolation results as a by product (pre or post zygotic). Name the mechanisms of microevolution and Reproductive Isolation mechanism.
What is natural selection and habitat isolation?
These occur when similar selective pressures act along two independent branches.
What are homoplasious structures?
The reason climate differs so much between Eastern North Carolina and Northern Florida.
What is the same biome but different climates due to different latitudes?
When a shore crab eats medium size mussels, using less energy and time to open them, and obtain more energy from them than eating a small mussel.
What is optimal foraging theory?
Leopards move to an island that doesn't have a carrying capacity. There are 40 of them in the original population with each generation being 2 years and growth rate being 0.6. The population of leopards on the island after 8 years.
What is 262 leopards?
Gobby Lizards & Snobby lizards have always lived in the same areas but they eat different bugs. Their morphology is similar except for genitalia and they mate at the same time. Note their genitalia differ enough to prevent interspecies mating. Name the speciation type and pre or post-zygotic isolation.
What is sympatric speciation and Prezygotic isolation?
This grouping type does not follow cladistics (include why)
What is polyphyletic groups do not reflect evolutionary history?
The side of this regional effect does not get heavy precipitation since air has to cool on the other side of it. It has air which warms as it descends which then absorbs moisture. The Mojave desert is an example of it.
What is the leeward side of mountains of a rain shadow?
What is being describe: a monkey has high parental care but low number of offspring.
What is the principle of allocation?
This is a selection for traits that are favorable in high population density. It is favored when living near carrying capacity (K), resources are more limiting. For example, individuals with lower birth rate would be favored over ones with high birth rate.
What is K-selection (density-dependant)