Enzymes
What is the catalytic triad?
Ser, His, Asp
What functional groups must be present in a carbohydrate
At least 2 βOH, and a carboxyl (aldehyde or ketone)
Which form of DNA is most stable under physiological conditions?
B-form
overall shape does one get when plotting a Lineweaver What -Burk plot?
Linear
Name the 3 pyrimidines bases
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
There are 7 classes of enzymes. Name 5 of them.
Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, Translocases
What Carbohydrate enantiomers predominate in nature?
D- enantiomers (>90%)
What are the 2 types of DNases
Endonucleases & Exonucleases
What is the formula to determine number of stereoisomers?
2n, where n = # of chiral carbons
How might one describe the planes of the nucleotides bases about the helix axis in A-form DNA?
Tilted/ slanted compared to B-form (which are perpendicular to axis)
What is the difference between Kinases & Phosphatases?
Kineases attach phosphoryl groups & Phosphatases remove phosphoryl groups
We only need to know the 3 letter abbreviations for 3 monosaccharides what are they? (the monosaccharides and the abbreviations)
Glucose (GLE), Galactose (GAL), & Fructose (FRU)
Nucleotides have 4 functions, name 3 of them
Energy for metabolism, Enzyme cofactors, Signal transduction, Monomers of DNA & RNA
What do Chargaff's rules state?
%A=%T & %T=%C
HIV is a retrovirus that can cause AIDS, however inhibitors of this HIV enzyme can be used to treat it.
protease
Trypsinogen (inactive) is cut to form Trypsin (active): this is an example of what type of enzymatic activity regulation?
Proteolytic Cleavage
Describe a Hemiketal (what's attached to the central carbon)?
-OH, βOR, and 2 -R
An experimenter notes the increase in the UV absorption of a DNA sample after denaturation. This is due to the _______ effect
Hyperchromic effect
What is not affected for a reaction by using an enzyme?
ΞG or Keq
What type of bond joins the sugar and base of nucleic acid?
N-glycosidic
Only one type of enzyme inhibition can be reversed by high concentrations of substrate. Which one is it?
Competitive
Of the Linear polysaccharides one is more hydrophobic, why?
Because of the acetylated amino groups on the N-Acetylglucosamine monomer
What is the dominant interaction contributing to mRNA stability?
Base stacking
What is the Michaelis-Menten Equation?
π0=(π2[π][πΈ]πππ‘ππ) / (πΎπ+[π])
π0=(ππππ₯[π]) / (πΎπ+[π])
What type of DNA structure is caused by Hoogsteen pairing of bases?
triplex