Helping Behavior
This evolutionary concept explains why people are more likely to help close relatives than strangers.
What is kin selection?
This theory proposes that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress when important goals are blocked.
What is frustration-aggression theory?
This cognitive process involves placing individuals into social groups as a mental shortcut.
What is social categorization?
The controversial 1964 murder case that prompted research on the bystander effect.
What is the Kitty Genovese case?
According to Manning et al.'s paper, the story of the Kitty Genovese murder functioned as this type of cautionary tale in psychology.
What is a parable?
These laws protect individuals who provide emergency assistance to injured persons, reducing the "cost" of helping.
What are Good Samaritan laws?
This concept explains aggression as learned through observation and imitation of others' behavior.
What is social learning theory?
Ideas about how people should behave, as distinct from stereotypes which describe how people do behave.
What are norms?
In this classic bystander study, participants in separate rooms heard someone having a seizure over an intercom. (Give researcher names and year)
What is Darley & Latané (1968)
Mathur & VanderWeele's 2019 meta-analysis concluded that violent video games have this type of effect on aggression.
What is small but consistent/detrimental?
The psychological process where people think others in a group have information they don't and base judgments on what they think others are thinking.
What is pluralistic ignorance?
This neurotransmitter plays a key role in inhibiting aggressive behavior.
What is serotonin?
The perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than ingroup members are perceived to be.
What is the outgroup homogeneity effect?
This classic experiment had participants interact with a supposed debate speech writer, demonstrating the fundamental attribution error. (Give researcher names and year)
What is Jones & Harris (1967)?
According to Mathur & VanderWeele (2019), the "meta-analysis wars" on violent video games are partly due to excessive focus on this statistical aspect.
What is statistical significance?
In this helping-related bias, people tend to believe that others get what they deserve in life, affecting their decisions to help.
What is just world belief?
This type of aggression involves harming others' social relationships through actions like gossip and social exclusion.
What is relational or social aggression?
This component of intergroup attitudes involves negative feelings toward an outgroup.
What is prejudice?
Bryan and Test found this about LA drivers.
What is LA drivers were more willing to help a female driver on the roadside after witnessing similar helping actions earlier on their route?
Manning et al. argue that the Kitty Genovese story limited what aspect of helping research?
What is research on the positive contributions groups can make to intervention?
This psychological state involves identifying with someone in need and feeling what they're experiencing, leading to altruistic motivation.
What is empathic concern?
This psychological process occurs when negative emotions caused by one person trigger aggression toward a different, safer target.
What is displaced aggression?
The cognitive component of intergroup relations referring to beliefs about the personal attributes of a group of people.
What is a stereotype?
Peter et al. found this about children's prosocial behaviors.
What is children display more prosocial behaviors after interacting with robots programmed to model helping actions?
Mathur & VanderWeele found that analyzing this metric provided more insight than simple point estimates in understanding the effects of violent video games.
What is the percentage of true effects exceeding specific effect-size thresholds?