Chapter 9: Cell Signaling
Chapter 11: Cell Division
Chapter 12: DNA Replication
Chapter 14: Mutations
RANDOM
100
What is another name for a signaling molecule?
Ligand
100
When does synapsis take place?
Prophase I
100
What relieves the stress of unwinding?
Topoisomerase
100
___________: a group of genes with related functions
Gene Family
100
What strand (in DNA replication) is built away from the fork?
Lagging Strand
200
What type of molecules utilize an intracellular receptor?
Small Nonpolar Signaling Molecules
200
What separates during anaphase 2?
Sister Chromatids
200
Replication always occurs in what direction?
5' to 3'
200
Cystic Fibrosis is the result of what?
Deletion (missing amino acid)
200
Name the receptor: The ligand binds to the receptors which causes the complexes to come together and become phosphorylated/active.
Receptor Kinases
300
What enzyme converts ATP into cAMP?
Adenylyl Cyclase
300
Explain the levels of proteins available during progression through the cell cycle.
Level of protein increases and decreases and then increases and decreases again as the embryo divides
300
What? contains an RNA template that allows the shortened 3’ end of the template strand to be restored by the addition of more telomere repeats.
Telomerase Enzyme
300
List the 2 exceptions to the 10^-10 average in DNA replication.
(1) Hotspots (2) Differences between the sexes
300
List 3 functions of cell division (4 listed in class).
(1) Growth (2) Cell Replacement (3) Healing (4) Reproduction
400
The MAP kinase pathway can be used to activate what signaling protein?
Ras
400
________________: genes that encode proteins whose normal activities inhibit cell division
Tumor Suppressors
400
What bonds are formed by DNA ligase?
Phosphodiester
400
In a synonymous mutation, if the initial sequence produces PRO-GLU-GLU and a mutation takes place in the 6th codon, what is the amino acid sequence that is produced?
PRO-GLU-GLU
400
List one example of a nonsynonymous mutation.
Sickle Cell Anemia
500
Explain the process of amplification from activated receptor to protein targets.
Each activated RECEPTOR activates multiple G PROTEINS which activates ADENYLYL CYCLASE enzymes which produces large amounts of cAMP which activates many molecules of PROTEIN KINASE A which phosphorylates/activates multiple PROTEIN TARGETS
500
What initiates the breakdown of the nuclear envelope during prophase and the formation of the mitotic spindle?
M Cyclin-CDK Complex
500
List 4 enzymes that are involved in DNA replication.
(1) Helicase (2) DNA Polymerase (3) DNA Ligase (4)RNA Primase
500
The initial DNA sequence coded for PRO-GLU-GLU and a mutation takes place. The amino acid sequence produced is just PRO, what type of mutation took place if deletion did not occur?
Nonsense Mutation
500
What are the 2 requirements that must be satisfied by cell division?
(1) The 2 daughter cells must each receive the full complement of genetic material present in the single parent cell (2) The parent cell must be large enough to divide into 2 and still contribute sufficient cytoplasmic components to each daughter cell
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