Metabolism
How much ATP is created in cellular respiration with 1 molecule of glucose?
40 total
38 NET
What is the orange/yellow pigment in plants called?
carotenoids
What are the two main steps of the cell cycle?
Interphase and Mitosis
What is formed when sperm and egg come together?
Is it diploid or haploid?
zygote
Diploid
Where does glycolysis occur in a cell?
Cytoplasm
What occurs in glycolysis?
Glucose is split into pyruvate
No oxygen is needed, requires 2 ATP
What is the product of the light independent reaction?
sugar
What are the steps of interphase? When are the chromosomes duplicated?
G1, S, G2
S phase
If a cell's diploid number is 30, what will its haploid number be in the gametes?
15
Why is fermentation considered inefficient?
Only produces 2 ATP
Reactants - oxygen and glucose
Products - CO2 and H2O and energy
What are the two parts of photosynthesis and where do they occur?
Light dependent - grana (thylakoids)
Light independent - stroma
When do the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers in mitosis?
prometaphase
What is separated in meiosis 1? What is separated in meiosis 2?
homologous chromosomes
sister chromatids
Why is crossing over important in meiosis?
Provides a genetic exchange so the daughter cells have a variety of genetics
What does the term chemiosmosis refer to?
The proton gradient that is used to make ATP in cellular respiration.
Protons flow down their concentration gradient. ADP + P form into ATP
What are the two photosystems in the light dependent reactions and what are the products of each?
Photosystem 2 – Produces ATP
Photosystem 1 – Produces NADPH and O2 (by splitting water)
What are the steps of mitosis in order (5 steps)
prophase, prometaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
When does synapsis and crossing over occur in meiosis?
Prophase 1
C4 photosynthesis is separated by _______________
Cam photosynthesis is separated by ______________
location
time
What are the steps of cellular respiration? Which produces the most ATP? Which produces the least?
Glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
Most - ETC
Least - Kreb's cycle
What part of the leaf contains the most chloroplast?
Which part of the leaf opens and closes to allow gas exchange and the passage of water?
Palisade mesophyll
stomata
What is the end result of mitosis?
How many nuclear divisions does mitosis have?
2 identical diploid cells
1 division
What is the end result of meiosis?
How many nuclear divisions does meiosis have?
4 haploid cells (gametes)
2 division
What a eukaryotic cell is not dividing, the DNA is stretched out in a tangled mass called _____________
chromatin