The Constitution
What were the problems that the meeting in Annapolis, Maryland attempted to address?
Under the Articles of Confederation, every state could regulate trade and navigation.
ships on the Chesapeake Bay were unsure about which state’s navigation laws to follow (Virginia or Maryland?
states began taxing goods imported from other states
this ended up hurting trade
What were the two competing plans for determining representation in congress? What was the final compromise?
Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan. The Great Compromise
What are some of the powers granted to the executive under the Constitution?
Commander in chief military, appoints people in the executive office, in charge of foreign affairs. There was concern at the CC about giving the executive too much power.
What were the major social and economic trends of the early 19th century?
Infrastructure changes, transportation, communications technology.
Population growth, industrialization, immigration, growth of market economy, Western expansion
What was the Erie Canal, what was the public reaction to the canal while it was being built? What was the final result of the Erie Canal?
Connected Lake Erie to Hudson River.
The public at first Clinton’s Folly because they thought the cost was so high it was ridiculed.
Lowered shipping cost and let economic boom.
People suffering from the economic panic and depression could no longer afford to build canals.
Railroads came along and offered cheaper transportation.
Why did the delegates feel they were unable to address these problems? What did they decide to do?
Only resolve problems by changing the AOC, could not be done with only five states that showed up, need a unanimous vote.
So they called a new meeting for all states and this became the Continental Convention.
How is the Northwest Land Ordinance related to the Three-Fifths Compromise?
It limited direct representation for the Northern states that did not own slaves, and the South got a little more representation because of the slave population.
Who were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists?
People that used to be the Nationalists, they supported the constitution.
Anti_federalists opposed new govt
What were the problems associated with transportation in the early 19th century?
Commercial farmers needed better roads to get to markets and manufacturers needed to transport raw materials and goods to markets.
What was the first country to industrialize? Why was the U.S. slow to industrialize?
Great Britain.
Because land in US was cheap and most would rather work their own land.
Labor was a problem until mass immigration and natural resources (raw materials) had not yet been discovered
What was the purpose of the meeting held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1787 (the Constitutional Convention)? What eventually happened at the meeting?
To revise and fix the AOC
they ended up getting rid of AOC and started over with the constitution
What is meant by the separation of powers?
Separation into three branches of govt that has specified powers and set up for them to be able to check the others (executive, judicial, legislative)
In the Federalist Papers, the Federalists argued that the Constitution would prevent self-serving factions from controlling the government. How would it do this?
Divide powers repeatedly.
What problems were presented by turnpikes and the National Road?
Expensive for moving large freight, still moved by horses and they moved only 2 miles per hour.
Who was Samuel Slater and how did he contribute to the rise of the factory system in the U.S.?
Finishing apprenticeship in GB and saw an add to come to the Philly and build one so he moved.
Reconstructed machines he saw in GB
What group dominated the Constitutional Convention and what did it want?
The Nationalists and they wanted a stronger central government, take power from states, and have a govt that does not rely on virtue.
What powers does the legislature have under the Constitution? How is this different from the powers that it had relative to the states under the Articles of Confederation?
They have 4 powers. Given: regulate interstate trade, coin money, declare war and support and raise an army. Because the AOC it gave these powers to the states and now it is the legislation power (congressional)
Why did many people argue that republics would not work in large countries? How did the Federalists counter this argument in Federalist No. 10?
In large countries everyone’s interests were not likely to be the same (Anti-federalists)
Everyone will never be the same anyway.
Enlarge the public, broaden the electorate so that officials are forced to please a broad range of ppl.
No demagogues could take over, no single faction could take over.
What problems were presented by the use of flatboats to move goods to market?
Upstream was only 1 mile per our because either pushed or pulled by poles.
Made going upstream with anything take a very long time.
Who pioneered the use of interchangeable parts? What are interchangeable parts—what benefit to the offer over goods manufactured by hand?
Eli Whitney.
Interchangeable parts developed precision machinery to make interchangeable gun parts.
Now an unskilled worker could make things and they were made much faster
What is a federal system (federalism)?
New govt that is a split govt between state and central govt.
the powers granted to central government are specifically stated in the constitution then central government does not have the power and that is left to the states.
What powers are held by both the states and Congress under the Constitution?
The powers: lay and collect taxes, power to establish judiciary, and make legislation.
Why did Virginia object to the new Constitution?
Because the Federalists did not see a need for the Bill of Rights
Who created the first commercially viable steamboat and what benefit did steamboats provide to transportation?
Robert Fulton “Fulton’s Follies” brought profit to company and business to Philly.
Describe the Boardinghouse System.
Larger Mills no longer wanted to hire poor families.
They hired young, single women (15-30) and lived in boarding houses at the factory.