Vitamin & Mineral Basics
These vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in the body's liver and fatty tissues.
What are fat-soluble vitamins?
This percentage of the body's calcium is found in the bones and teeth.
What is 99%?
This is a molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it.
What is a coenzyme?
This is the condition characterized by low bone mass and increased risk of fractures.
What is Osteoporosis?
This mineral is most likely to be over consumed by Americans and is linked to high blood pressure.
What is Sodium?
Because they are excreted by the kidneys, this class of vitamins needs to be consumed every 2-3 days.
What are water-soluble vitamins?
These "builder" cells are responsible for bone formation and these "crusher" cells are responsible for bone resorption.
What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
All B-vitamins share this one key primary role in the body.
What is acting as coenzymes (or helping with energy metabolism)?
This is often added to city water supplies to prevent dental cavities.
What is Fluoride?
According to the National Academy of Medicine, these are the total daily fluid recommendations for men and women.
What are 3.7 liters (approx. 15.5 cups) for men and 2.7 liters (approx. 11.5 cups) for women?
True or False: Water-soluble vitamins are more likely to reach toxic levels than fat-soluble vitamins.
What is False? (Fat-soluble are more likely to cause toxicity).
This nutrient acts as both a vitamin and a hormone, and helps regulate calcium levels.
What is Vitamin D?
This deficiency disease of Niacin is characterized by the "4 Ds": Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, and Death.
What is Pellagra?
This is the process of breaking down bone to release minerals into the blood, while "remodeling" is the overall cycle of breakdown and repair.
What is bone resorption?
Consuming this vitamin alongside iron-rich foods will significantly increase iron absorption.
What is Vitamin C?
This organ is primarily responsible for excreting excess water-soluble vitamins.
What is the kidney?
This is the age at which humans typically reach Peak Bone Mass.
What is age 30?
This mineral helps regulate the metabolic rate and is a key part of thyroid hormones.
What is Iodine?
Name two primary risk factors for developing osteoporosis.
What are aging (menopause), genetics, or poor calcium/Vitamin D intake?
These unstable molecules can damage cells, but are neutralized by antioxidants like Vitamin C and E.
What are Free Radicals?
This term refers to the degree to which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body.
What is bioavailability?
This mineral makes bones and teeth hard (Hint: it’s not calcium).
What is Phosphorus?
This B-vitamin is best absorbed in its synthetic form (monoglutamate) rather than its natural form.
What is Folate (Folic Acid)?
This process is done to city water supplies specifically to prevent dental caries (cavities) and strengthen tooth enamel.
What is fluoridation?
This diet, high in fruits, veggies, and olive oil, is known for reducing the risk of chronic cardiovascular disease.
What is the Mediterranean Diet?