Cellular Transport
In which direction do particles in a solution move during simple diffusion?
a. from left to right
b.from right to left
c. from higher concentration to lower concentration
d. from lower concentration to higher concentration
c. from higher concentration to lower concentration
Metabolism is the sum of chemical processes that occur in living organisms. These metabolic pathways are catalyzed by:
a. Substrates
b. Enzymes
c. Amino acids
d. Inhibitors
b. Enzymes
The chemical substance that supplies most of the immediate energy that drives metabolism and serves as the currency of energy in a cell is _____.
a. AMP
b. ADP
c. ATP
d. none of the above
c. ATP
In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
a. Cytosol
b. Mitochondrial matrix
c. Inner mitochondrial membrane
d. Peroxisome
a. Cytosol
Which of the following statements is false?
a. An enzyme can catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy requirement.
b. The active site of an enzyme provides a favorable enivironment.
c. The active site of an enzyme orients the substrate molecule(s) correctly.
d. The active site of an enzyme alters the free energy of the reactants.
d. The active site of an enzyme alters the free energy of the reactants.
Which transport method moves solutes down it's concentration gradient with the help of transmembrane proteins?
A. Simple Diffusion
B. Facilitated Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Na+/K+ pump
B. Facilitated Diffusion
_____ is the metabolic process of synthesizing new molecules from smaller components. _____ is the metabolic process breaking down large molecules to smaller components.
a. anabolism; catabolism
b. anabolism; anabolism
c. catabolism; catabolism
d. catabolism; anabolism
a. anabolism; catabolism
True or False. Oxidation reactions and reduction reactions are coupled and always occur together.
TRUE.
Which of the following cannot be used as a fuel source for ATP production?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids
D. Nucleic acids
The following transport types require a carrier or channel protein except . . .
a. Osmosis
b. Faciliated diffusion
c. Primary active transport
d. Cotransport
a. Osmosis
Which of the following does not control the rate of diffusion?
a. diameter of solute particle
b. temperature
c. concentration gradient
d. pH gradient
d. pH gradient
An endergonic reaction . . .
a. is spontaneous
b. releases energy
c. a reaction where reactants have more free energy than products
d. a reaction where products have more free energy than reactants.
d. a reaction where products have more free energy than reactants.
The chemical equation for cellular respiration is as follows: C6H1206 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY.
Which molecule is oxidized? Which molecule is reduced?
a. oxygen; water
b. glucose; water
c. oxygen; glucose
d. glucose; oxygen
d. glucose; oxygen
Which step can be used in both cellular respiration and fermentation?
a. Glycolysis
b. Pyruvate Oxidation
c. Kreb's Cycle
d. Oxidative Phosphorylation
a. Glycolysis
An animal cell has a 2% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution with a 0.05% salt concentration. What will happen to the animal cell?
a. Water will move out of the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst.
b. Water will move into the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst.
c. Water will move out of the animal cell, causing it to shrivel.
d. Water will move out of the animal cell, causing it to shrivel.
b. Water will move into the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst.
Which of the following is not a type of cellular work that requires ATP?
a. Passive Transport
b. Active Transport
c. Anabolism
d. Mechanical Work
a. Passive Transport
A molecule binds to an enzyme inducing a conformational change that changes the shape of the active site of the enzyme. This is an example of:
a. irreversible inhibition
b. competitive inhibition
c. noncompetitive inhibition
d. feedback inhibition
c. noncompetitive inhibition
NAD+/NADH are energy storing/carrying molecules that transport electrons to the ETC. Which molecule is the oxidized form, and which is the reduced form?
a. NAD+/NADH
b. NAD+/NAD+
c. NADH/NAD+
d. NADH/ NADH
a. NAD+/NADH
In aerobic cellular respiration, the electrons stripped from glucose end up in _____ to form water at the end of the electron transport chain.
a. Carbon
b. Hydrogen
c. Oxygen
d. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen
Bacteroides is the predominant genus of bacteria found in the human gut microbiota. As anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides undergo fermentation in the gut, converting otherwise nondigestible carbohydrates into fermentation products that are used by the host for energy. Which of the following toxins would be most likely to disrupt carbohydrate metabolism in Bacteroides species?
a. A toxin that inhibits the function of ATP synthase.
b. A toxin that breaks down the membrane proteins of the electron transport chain.
c. A toxin that inhibits the function of an enzyme during glycolysis.
d. A toxin that prevents the formation of Krebs cycle products.
c. A toxin that inhibits the function of an enzyme during glycolysis.
______ is the driving force for primary active transport. _______ is the driving force for secondary active transport.
a. ATP; ATP
b. ATP; Electrochemical gradient
c. Electrochemical gradient; ATP
d. Electrochemical gradient; Electrochemical gradient
b. ATP; Electrochemical gradient
Energy coupling uses the energy released from _____ reactions, such as ATP hydrolysis, to drive _____ reactions, such as ATP synthesis.
a. exergonic; exergonic
b. exergonic; endergonic
c. endergonic; exergonic
d. endergonic; endergonic
b. exergonic; endergonic
ATP synthase is an enzyme that produces ATP using the energy from the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain. This two-part process is known as _____.
a. substrate-level phosphorylation
b. oxidative phosphorylation
c. ETC
d. chemiosmosis.
b. oxidative phosphorylation
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the highest number of reduced electron carriers?
a. Glycolysis
b. Pyruvate Oxidation
c. Kreb's Cycle
d. Oxidative Phosphorylation
c. Kreb's Cycle
Unlike most other cells in the human body, mature red blood cells (RBCs) do not contain a nucleus or mitochondria. This allows RBCs to carry more hemoglobin, and therefore oxygen, through the bloodstream. Which of the following is true about RBCs?
a. RBCs generate lactate as a waste product.
b. Oxygen is used as the terminal electron acceptor in RBCs.
c. CO2 and ethanol are byproducts of ATP production in RBCs.
d. Due to a lack of mitochondria, RBCs do not produce ATP.
a. RBCs generate lactate as a waste product.
(Because RBCs do not contain mitochondria, they generate ATP through fermentation. The type of fermentation that occurs in animal cells is lactic acid fermentation, which produces lactate as a byproduct. )