EM Spectrum
Does the color red have a long or short wavelength compared to the visible spectra?
long
What are the quantum numbers and what do they represent?
n = principal quantum number, energy level
l = angular momentum quantum number, shape
ml = magnetic quantum number, orientation
ms = spin quantum number, spin direction
What are the 4 subshells and where are they located? What l value coordinates to each subshell?
s: very left, 0
p: very right, 1
d: middle, 2
f: bottom, 3
Rank the following elements in order of increasing atomic size:
Carbon, aluminum, oxygen, potassium
Oxygen, carbon, aluminum, potassium
In the bond H-Cl, which atom is the most electronegative? Draw the bond-dipole arrow for this relationship and determine which type of bond is present. (nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, ionic)
Cl is most electronegative, see answer key for arrow, polar covalent
A photon has a frequency of 2.68 x 106 Hz. Calculate its energy.
1.78 x 10-27 J
Which orbital is shaped like a clover?
d orbital
Which rule does this diagram break? (see slide 18)
Hund's rule
Rank the following elements in order of decreasing electronegativity:
sulfur, oxygen, neon, aluminum
oxygen, sulfur, aluminum, neon
How does the shielding effect affect Zeff?
Shielding refers to the core electrons repelling the outer electrons, which lowers the effective charge of the nucleus on the outer electrons.
What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron moving at 5.31 x 106 m/sec whose mass is 9.11 x 10-31 kg?
1.37 x 10-10 m
spherical regions where probability of finding an electron is zero
Using short notation, what is the electron configuration for Mn2+? How many valence and core electrons?
[Ar]4s03d5
core: 18
valence: 5
Which of the given atoms has the lowest electron affinity?
Ca, Sr, Be, Ra
Ra
An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is ____ shielded from nuclear charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and therefore has a ____ energy.
less, lower
What is the frequency of microwave radiation that has a wavelength of 0.885m?
3.39 x 108 Hz
Indicate the maximum number of electrons that can occupy each subshell.
s=2, p=6, d=10, f=14
Which neutral element has the following electron configuration?
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p1
Gallium
Why does electronegativity decrease as you move down a column?
the increased number of energy levels puts the outer electrons very far away from the pull of the nucleus, Zeff decreases, electrons not held as tightly
Why do multiple ionizations of a single atom become increasingly difficult?
As you remove more and more electrons, the atom becomes progressively more positively charged, so, it becomes harder and harder to remove an electron, which is negatively charged. Each successive ionization energy would be larger in magnitude than the previous one.
Using the Bohr model of the atom, find the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted from an electron relaxes from n = 3 to n = 1.
1.025 x 10-7 m
How many orbitals are there in each sublevel?
s = 1
p = 3
d = 5
f = 7
What is the electron configuration for Barium? How many valence and core electrons does it have?
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s2
core:54
valence: 2
Which noble gas has the highest ionization energy?
Helium
How does Zeff change as you move across a period in the periodic table, and what impact does this have on atomic properties?
As you move across a period in the periodic table, from left to right, Zeff generally increases because the number of protons in the nucleus increases, while the electron shielding remains relatively constant. An increase in Zeff results in a stronger attractive force between the nucleus and the outer electrons, leading to a smaller atomic size