World War l
Which countries made up the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente?
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria, Italy
Triple Entente: France, Russia, Britain
What is a “Nation” and how does it relate to Nationalism as a political ideology?
Nation = Community of People
Nation = People (people sharing the same: language, traditions, history, customs,
culture, and ethnicity).
Nationalism can foster a sense of unity and solidarity among the people of a nation, promoting collective action for common goals and interests.
What parts of the world were colonized and ruled by Europeans by 1900?
Africa
Parts of Asia including India, China, Japan, East Indies
The Americas
What was the Taiping Rebellion?
a religious movement to purify China
the members were an "association of god worshippers"
anti-confucian pro Christianity
How did technological/industrial innovations change the experiences and outcomes of
combat?
Modern industrialized weapons made war much more destructive and less decisive
What happened to the Mughal Empire in the nineteenth century?
The 7 Years’ War and the Rise of the British East India Company-State
(1757-1857)
• The Indian Uprising (1857)
• The Creation of the British Raj (1858)
By the end of the 19th century, the Mughal Empire had effectively ceased to exist as a political entity, and India had become a British colony, known as British India.
What was settler colonialism?
colonists come over and settle in new area intend to kick native population out do not want to co-exist
What was the Opium War?
war between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade, ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges
were 2 wars and Britain won them both
Why did the war become a “total war” and what did this mean?
Nation mobilizes all available resources for the war effort
It involves the complete mobilization of a nation's resources and population toward the war effort, and it goes beyond the traditional boundaries of military combat. In total war, the entire society is involved, not just the military.
How and why did European empires grow during the nineteenth century?
development of technology and energy resources
everyone stopped fighting and had established governments
What was “The Rule of Difference”?
different races have different characteristics and abilities, how white people justify themselves
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising in China
The movement was led by a group known as the Boxers, which primarily consisted of peasants from the northern provinces of China. The Boxers were strongly opposed to foreign influence and Christian missionary activities in China, viewing them as threats to their traditional way of life.
What did the Treaty of Versailles create/change?
Officially ended World War l
Established the League of Nations, a precursor to the United Nations, with the goal of maintaining international peace and security
Weakened Germany (had to pay for war)
What was the relationship between nationalism and European empire building during the nineteenth century?
It contributed to the Europeans believing they had justification for imperialism
Because they were better they had to go on civilizing missions (in-egalitarian idea)
Advancing the interest of a nation at the expense of everyone else
National competition
What was the relationship between the Rosetta Stone and European Imperialism?
Property of 2 empires - Egypt and Europe (Ancient and Modern)
Knowledge of the Past
Power in present
They can talk about past history of ancient Egyptians
Imperial inheritance
How did Japan avoid European colonization or economic dependence and instead build their own empire in Asia?
They did not resist Western ways and instead adapted to western culture and welcomed it.
Give the chronology of the war:
August-September 1914: The War of Movement
1915-1917: Stalemate and the War of Attrition
1917-1918: The Stalemate Breaks, the End of the War of Attrition, and the Return to the War of Movement
November 11, 1918: The War Ends
What role did Native Collaborators and Local Conflicts in Asia and Africa play in the growth of nineteenth-century European Empires?
Indirect rule
Social elites from Asian and African locals
Asian and African ethnic or religious minorities
Why collaborate with Europeans?
o Gain access to European knowledge/technologies
o Protect/advance the interests of one's own family
o Religious or ethnic groups
o To maintain or acquire positions of authority
What are the differences between Economic/Informal Imperialism, Political/Formal
Imperialism, and Settler Colonialism?
provide an example for each
Economic/Informal Imperialism: primarily involves economic and commercial dominance rather than direct political control. Ex - Hawaii (never officially raised the British flag)
Political/Formal Imperialism: the direct political control or governance of one nation by another. Ex - European colonialism in Africa and Asia during the 19th and early 20th centuries
Settler Colonialism: involves the migration of settlers from a foreign country to a colonized territory with the intention of establishing a permanent presence. Ex - Migration and Settlement of Europeans to Non-European lands
Describe Japan prior to 1853:
prior to this Japan was in isolation and completely closed off to the rest of the world, they were an agricultural economy with a weak emperor but a strong nobility (samurai)