Translation Station (Ch 7)
Proteins that recognize stop codons, and hydrolyze the bond connecting the polypeptide and mRNA
What are release factors?
The term used when an aminoacyl tRNA synthase puts the incorrect amino acid on a tRNA
What is mischarging?
Specific nucleotide sequence in a promoter that transcriptional repressors can bond to and block expression.
What is the operator?
Is absent from the Lac operon when glucose is present.
What is the CAP?
A piece of DNA can be passed from the genome of one cell to that of another
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Part of the ribosome that catalyzes the formation of the peptide bonds that covalently link the amino acids together into a polypeptide chain.
What is the large subunit?
Link the amino acids to their correspomding tRNA
What are aminoacyl tRNA synthases?
Attaches acetyl groups to the tails of histones.
What are histone acetyltransferases (HATs)?
The conditions lead the lac operon being “on”
What is when glucose is absent, and lactose is present?
What is a missense mutation.
Site of Ribosome that incoming tRNA bind to.
What is the A site.?
The continuous, non-overlapping, protein coding region of the mRNA.
What is an Open Reading Frame?
(Where does the ORF start)
Adds methyl groups to histone tails.
What are histone methyltransferases?
When expressed, it creates the enzyme beta-galactosidase.
What is LacZ?
Mutations that involve the addition or deletion of nucleotides, causing downstream nucleotides to be grouped into incorrect nucleotides.
What is frameshift mutation?
Site that is occupied by the initiator tRNA during initiation.
What is the P site?
Eukaryotic mRNAs that carry information from ONLY one gene.
What is monocistronic?
Methylates nucleotides which will repress the transcription.
What are DNA methyltransferases?
DNA sequences (sites) that are binding sites for transcriptional activators
What are Enhancers?
Chromosomal rearrangement that occurs when a segment of a chromosome is broken in two places, reversed, and put back together.
What is inversion?
Molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome.
What is a tRNA?
Part of the tRNA that “matches” up with the codon.
What is an Anticodon ?
(Is it possible for the tRNA to bring the incorrect amino acid into the ribosome)
Proteins that contribute positive control positive gene expression.
What are activators?
The most important and universally used control point in regulation of gene expression
What is transcription?
The type of mutation that would occur from to much smoking, or sunbathing.
What is a induced mutation?