Musculoskeletal
structure and function
structure and function
The component of the bone matrix that gives bone its tensile strength
Collagen fibers
What region of neurons do nerve impulses travel fastest
larger, myelinated axons.
What is osteoporosis caused by?
Decrease bone mineral density
People at greatest risk for cerebral vascular accidents
African Americans, hypertension, type 2 diabetes
Where is erythropoetitin produced
kidney
which type/s of muscle tissues are involuntary
cardiac and smooth muscles
what happens to the body with vagus nerve stimulation
decrease heart rate and blood pressure
Cause of gouty arthritis
overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid
What are the two kinds of postures (include which one is "worse")
Decorticate posture, decerebrate posture
decerebrate posture is worse
What is the normal amount of white blood cells
4,000-11,000
Which type of joint connected by a fibrous joint capsule
synovial joint
What reflexes are controlled in the myelenchephalon (medulla oblongata)
heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting.
The 6 P's of Compartment Syndrome
Pain, Pulse, Pressure, Pallor, Paresthesia (sensations), Paralysis
How does the body compensate with increased intracranial pressure
Autoregulation
define normocytic and norochromic anemia
normocytic: normal RBC size
Normochromic: normal hemoglobin per red blood cell
Major difference between compact and spongy bone
compact bone highly organized (haversian system), spongy not organized (lack haversian system)
The main nuerotransmitters for parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve stimulation
parasympathetic- ACH
Sympathetic- ACH and norepinephrine
Main difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease with an unknown cause.
What is the pathophysiology of MS?
Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia
fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale earlobes, palms, change in epithelial tissue, cognitive impairment
The 4 steps of muscle contraction
1. excitation 2. coupling 3. contraction 4. relaxation
the layers of membranes surrounding the brain
dura mater, dura (meningeal layer), arachnoid, subdural space, subarachnoid, pia mater, choroid plexuses.
Muscle pain, dark urine, weakness, elevated CK level
Critera of brain death
A patient with high iron, bilirubin, transferrin, and low hemoglobin and hematocrit
sideroblastic anemia