Electron Configurations
Name EVERY type of orbital you've seen on the periodic table.
s, p, d, f
What is effective nuclear charge (Zeff)?
the "pull" of protons on electrons (brings them closer towards the nucleus)
What does the magnetic quantum number describe?
number & orientation of orbitals
What does the angular momentum quantum number describe?
shape of an orbital
What is the relationship between wavelength & energy?
directly proportional
What do electron configurations describe?
where electrons are located around the nucleus of an atom
Define BOTH electron affinity & ionization energy.
electron affinity - energy change when an electron is added to an atom
ionization energy - energy required to remove an outer-most electron w/in an atom
What does the Pauli exclusion principle say?
no two electrons may have the same set of quantum numbers
What is the probability of finding an electron within a node?
0%
What is the relationship between wavelength & frequency?
inversely proportional
Is the electron configuration shown below correct for Tantulum (Ta)?
[Xe] 6s25d3
No, it should instead be [Xe] 6s24f145d3
Which type of bond would two atoms form if they have the same electronegativity values?
covalent bond (electrons equally shared)
Identify the incorrect set of quantum numbers below.
1. (18, 7, -3, +1/2)
2. (30, 11, -12, -1/2)
3. (4, 3, 2, -1/2)
2. (30, 11, -12, -1/2)
m is incorrect (must be in range of -ℓ to +ℓ)
Why do we label the last shell of an orbital as "90%"?
there is a 90% probability of finding an electron within an orbital
Which color of light has the lowest energy? Why?
red, b/c it has the longest wavelength
Concerning transition metals, why remove the s-orbital electrons first instead of the d-orbital electrons?
effective nueclear charge is more for d-orbital electrons over s-orbital electrons, so s-orbital electrons are more easily removed
What is the Lanthanide contraction?
f-block electrons are very poor at sheilding, so after the f-block atomic radaii doesn't really change size
Within a Hydrogen atom, an electron _____ light when it falls from the n=4 level to the n=2 level.
emits
How many total nodes would be present in an 8d orbital?
7 (5 radial nodes & 2 angular nodes)
What would the two equations below look like combined?
v=c/λ
E=h*v
E=c*h/λ
Why are the electron configurations of copper (Cu) & chromium (Cr) exceptions?
it's more energetically stable for these elements' atoms to completely fill their d-orbitals w/ the same amount of electrons (5 "sets" of exchange energy at the cost of a "promotion")
Why does atomic size increase from top to bottom on the periodic table?
the addition of quantum shells makes atoms larger
What would the electron configuration be for the set of quantum numbers below?
(2, 1, +1, +1/2)
nitrogen ([He] 2s2 2p3)
How many electrons can fit into a 5f orbital?
14
What is this equation below describing about matter & waves?
λ=h/m*v
matter can produce waves as a result of its mass & velocity