DNA Structure and Replication
The scientist who took "Photo 51," leading to the discovery of the DNA double helix.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
The molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
The phase of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs.
What is the S phase?
The "on/off" switch in an operon that controls gene expression.
What is an operator?
This gene is often mutated in cancer and is known as the "guardian of the genome."
What is p53?
This enzyme unzips the DNA double helix during replication.
What is helicase?
The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that specifies an amino acid.
What is a codon?
The phase where chromosomes align in the center of the cell.
What is metaphase?
This molecule acts as a repressor in the tryptophan operon.
What is tryptophan?
The type of tumor that grows slowly and does not spread to other tissues.
What is a benign tumor?
The type of replication where each daughter DNA molecule contains one parental and one new strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
This process occurs in the nucleus and produces RNA from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
This checkpoint ensures the spindle fibers are properly attached to chromosomes.
What is the M checkpoint?
The type of regulation where histones are modified to either tighten or loosen chromatin structure.
What is histone acetylation?
The term for cancerous cells that spread to distant parts of the body.
What is metastasis?
These fragments are synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The term for the regions of mRNA that are removed during RNA splicing.
What are introns?
Cells that are non-dividing and differentiated enter this phase.
What is G0 phase?
This term describes inherited changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.
What is epigenetic inheritance?
A mutated proto-oncogene that leads to uncontrolled cell division.
What is an oncogene?
The scientist who discovered that the amounts of adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine, are roughly equal in DNA.
Who is Chargaff?
This term describes the ability of a single gene to produce multiple proteins through variations in RNA splicing.
What is alternative splicing?
The term for cell division in bacteria, which is simpler than mitosis.
What is binary fission?
This operon is activated in the presence of lactose and the absence of glucose.
What is the lac operon?
These immortal cells were first derived from Henrietta Lacks and are widely used in research.
What are HeLa cells?