Arthro/osteo kinematics
This arthrokinematic motion occurs during open kinetic chain hip flexion in which direction
roll and glide, opposite direction
this position would make the rectus femoris passively insufficient
end range hip extension and knee flexion
this pathology causes the PIPs to be extended and DIPs to be flexed in the foot
mallet toe
Name the O, I, A, N of the flexor hallucis longus
I: distal phalanx of the first toe
A: flex the first toe, weak plantar flexion of ankle, invert the foot
N: tibial nerve
Eccentric open chain knee flexion is what kind of lever?
second class lever
This arthrokinematic motion occurs during closed chain knee flexion in which direction
femur roll posteriorly and glides anteriorly, opposite direction
_____represents the resultant force of the quadriceps and is made by connecting the ASIS to the mid-point of the patella?
The Q angle
this pathology is known also knowns as prepatellar bursitis
housemaids knee
This muscle is responsible for unlocking the knee when moving out of terminal knee extension in open chain and which direction does the rotation occur?
the popliteus muscle contracts to internally rotate the tibia
The function of the patella is to:
1. Increases Quadriceps Mechanical Advantage (Acts as a Fulcrum) to protect quad tendon
increasing the distance between the quadriceps tendon and the knee joint.
•This increased distance (moment arm) improves the leverage of the quadriceps, making knee extension more efficient.
Without the patella, the quadriceps would need to generate significantly more force to produce the same knee extension torque. 2. Increases Force Transmission
•The patella redirects the force of the quadriceps, ensuring that the force is applied more efficiently to the tibia via the patellar tendon.
•This prevents excessive friction between the quadriceps tendon and the femur.
3. Reduces Quadriceps Workload
•By improving the mechanical advantage, the patella allows the quadriceps to produce the same amount of movement with less energy expenditure.
•This helps in activities like walking, running, and jumping.
4. Maintains Proper Quadriceps Tracking
•The patella helps guide the quadriceps tendon along the femoral groove (trochlear groove) and prevents lateral displacement of the quadriceps force.
•The vastus medialis oblique (VMO) is particularly important in counteracting the natural lateral pull of the quadriceps.
•
the arthrokinematic motion during open chain dorsiflexion is
______ is the angle between the shaft and neck of the femur in the transverse plane and when the angle is decreased can lead to _____ at the hips resulting in _____ gait
Femoral torsion is the angle between the shaft and neck of the femur in the transverse plane and when the angle is decreased can lead to retroversion at the hips resulting in toed out gait
an infant with low tone and a shallow acetabulum would have what pathology
hip dislocations
these muscles are responsible for eversion and plantarflexion
the talocrural joint is made up of what bones
tibia, fibula, talus
The arthrokinematic motion in open chain knee flexion occurs in which directions
the tibia rolls posteriorly and glides posteriorly, same direction
When the _____ is greater than 125deg, this is called ____ and can lead to ____
Angle of inclination, coxa valga, genu varum at the knees
this pathology often occurs when there is wear and tear of the posterior surface of the patella and can lead to abnormal tracking
chondramalacia patella
this muscle has 2 heads and is responsible for flexing the knee, laterally rotating the flexed knee, extends the hip and tilts the pelvis posteriorly- identify Origin, insertion, Nerve and muscle name
biceps femoris
O: long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
I: head of fibula
N: sciatic nerve
the ______ does not flatten with weighbearing and ____ is the keystone
medial longitudinal arch, talus
concave phalanges, convex metatarsal heads
Explain the Screw home mechanism
•Anterior-posterior dimension of the medial femoral condyle is greater than that of the lateral femoral condyle
•Medial femoral condyle rolls faster than lateral femoral condyle.
•This rotation is observed during terminal knee extension.
•This rotation places the knee in the closed-pack position.
•To “unlock” the knee, the moving segment rotates in the opposite direction.
•Torsion/rotation occur with flexion and extension
this pathology can develop with over loading without proper training and often leads to painful gait first thing in the morning but will resolve throughout the day
plantar fasciitis
The pes anserine is the insertion site of which muscles and where
sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus on the anterior medial surface of the tibia
This ligament in the hip limits hip extension and is also known as the Y ligament
iliofemoral ligament