Bone growth/Ossification
Fetal skulls have regions of endochondral ossification known as fontanelles when incomplete
Why or why not?
True or false
According to the sliding filament model, binding sites on actin open when ________.
calcium ion levels rise
Where is the temporalis muscle located?
Side of the head
Which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis?
Hip, Elbow, Pubic Symphysis, or metacarpophalangeal joint
metacarpophalangeal joint
What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane?
Sodium
Intramembranous begins with mesenchyme differentiating into chondroblasts
Why or why not?
NO!
In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by ________.
tropomyosin
You would expect an Olympic power lifter to have skeletal muscle organs with a greater percentage of fast glycolytic fibers.
True or false?
True
The ankle joint ________.
is a uniaxial hinge joint
Which location is where the greatest level of integration is taking place in the example of testing the temperature of the shower?
cerebral cortex
The epiphyseal plate of a growing long bone in a child is classified as a ________.
synchondrosis
What would happen if ATP were removed from the skeletal muscle cell?
Tropomyosin would prevent myosin from forming crossbridges, Calcium would not be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following terms is used for the muscle which generates the most force for a given movement
Agonist
The primary support for the glenohumeral joint is provided by the ________.
rotator cuff muscles
Why type of input do efferent neurons carry?
Put Endochondral Ossification in order:
Chondroblasts secrete a matrix of hyaline cartilage
The cartilage model is formed and becomes surrounded by the perichondrium
Mesenchyme differentiates into chondroblast
Chondroblasts become chondrocytes trapped in lacunae
1. Mesenchyme differentiates into chondroblast
2 . Chondroblasts secrete a matrix of hyaline cartilage
3 . Chondroblasts become chondrocytes trapped in lacunae
4 . The cartilage model is formed and becomes surrounded by the perichondrium
Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________.
the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers?
satellite cells
The joint between adjacent vertebrae that includes an intervertebral disc is classified as which type of joint?
amphiarthrosis
What is the best description of hyperpolarization?
The net movement of ions across a cell membrane resulting in the interior becoming more negative respective to the extracellular fluid
Put Intramembranous Ossification in order:
Osteogenic cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Continued growth crowds blood vessels, condensing them into red bone marrow
Periosteum forms on the surface of spongy bone
Mesenchyme differentiates into osteogenic cells and capillaries
Compact bone is produced deep to the periosteum and superficial to the trabeculae
Trabeculae form from osteoid secreted around capillaries
Osteoblasts secrete osteoid and become osteocytes trapped in lacunae
1. Mesenchyme differentiates into osteogenic cells and capillaries
2. Osteogenic cells differentiate into osteoblasts
3. Osteoblasts secrete osteoid and become osteocytes trapped in lacunae
4. Trabeculae form from osteoid secreted around capillaries
5. Periosteum forms on the surface of spongy bone
6. Compact bone is produced deep to the periosteum and superficial to the trabeculae
7. Continued growth crowds blood vessels, condensing them into red bone marrow
Match the structure with the description for skeletal muscle cells
Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasm, Sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubule, Myofibril
Organized tubes of contractile proteins
Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores and releases Calcium
Carry an electrical signal into the cell
The cytoplasm of the muscle cell
The plasma membrane of the muscle cell
The plasma membrane of the muscle cell sarcolemma
The cytoplasm of the muscle cell, sarcoplasm
Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores and releases Calcium, Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Carry the electrical signal into the cell T-tubule
Organized tubes of contractile proteins Myofibril
What are characteristics of muscle tissues
Attached to a basement membrane,
Avascular, and
Exhibits polarity
Match the synovial joint with the appropriate functional classification
Nonaxial, Uniaxial, Biaxial, Triaxial.
Saddle, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Plane or gliding, Ball and socket.
Saddle = Biaxial, Hinge = Uniaxial, Pivot = Uniaxial, Condyloid= Biaxial, Ball and socket = Triaxial, Plane or gliding = Nonaxial
Match the neuron anatomy with its function
Dendrite, Soma, Axon, Synapse
Receptive processes
Point of communication
Conducting processes
Biosynthetic and metabolic center
Receptive processes Dendrite
Point of communication Synapse
Conducting processes Axon
Biosynthetic and metabolic center Soma