Cloning
A procedure where a nucleus is removed from a somatic cell and is then placed into an egg which has had its nucleus previously removed
What is Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
Cells which are collected from the morula stage of an embryo
What are embryonic stem cells?
A virus that infects a bacterium
What is a bacteriophage?
A complete collection of microbes in a particular area
What is a microbiome?
The use of an electrical current which, when applied to cells increases the permeability of their cell membranes so that they will more readily absorb foreign particles of DNA
What is electroporation?
Bacteria which require more specific and complex nutrients as well as specific environmental conditions to be effectively cultured
What are fastidious bacteria?
Cells which are present in the various tissue, organs and organ systems of an individual to provide a mechanism for growth and repair of that tissue, organ, or organ system
What are adult stem cells?
Form of biotechnology which uses organisms to remove pollutants from the environment
What is bioremediation?
A world-wide research endeavor that seeks to the microbiomes of various biomes across the planet
What is the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP)?
A form of genetic engineering which involves removing the rigid cell wall of two plant cells so that those cells can fuse to create a transgenic plant
What is protoplast fusion?
Agar used for the growth of fungal organisms
What is sabouraud agar?
Cells which are capable of developing into any and all types of cells
What are totipotent stem cells?
A type of endonuclease (enzyme which cuts nucleic acids) that cuts at a specific sequence of nucleotides known as a restriction site
What is a restriction enzyme?
The complete collection of metabolic products and intermediates, known as metabolites, in a biological sample
What is a metabolome?
Herbicide which is able to block a plant enzyme known as ESPS
What is glyophosphate?
A process of plant propagation where a portion of a plant is cut and joined to a rootstock
What is grafting?
Cells which have gone through the process of dedifferentiation by reversing the modifications to the DNA that occur during the differentiation process
What are induced pluripotent stem cells?
The use of organisms to remove valuable minerals from the ores in which they are trapped
What is biomining or bioleaching?
The complete collection of genetic material within a sample
What is the metagenome?
Toxin originally isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis which is toxic to many insects
What is Bt protein?
A process where a chemical group, known as an acetyl, is added to the histone proteins causing the histones to release the DNA, making it accessible for gene expression
What is histone acetylation?
Type of adult stem cells which can develop into a few different cell types
What are oligopotent stem cells?
Form of bioremediation which relies on fungi
What is mycoremediation?
The collection of microorganisms in and on our bodies
What is the microbial flora?
Complex of enzymes needed to coagulate milk for the production of cheese
What is rennet?