Development
Why is developmental psychology hard to study?
We cannot control all the influences that impact an individual
Which approach to understanding stress views stress as external events or situations that place demands on an individual, focuses on identifying types of stressful events, considers individual differences in coping and vulnerability, and emphasizes the impact of situational context on stressful situations?
Stressors as stimuli
What are the 4 D’s?
Deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
What is psychotherapy and who practices it?
Psychotherapy is a treatment for emotional and mental health issues that involves talking with a trained therapist. It is practiced by professionals like psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors, and social workers.
What is the main difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs?
Cross-sectional designs collect data at on point in time, while longitudinal designs track data over an extended period.
Which approach to understanding stress focuses on the physiological and psychological reactions individuals have to stressful situations, viewing stress as the body's response to external demands or threats?
Stress as a response
What was Dorothea Dix known for in the field of psychology?
She advocated for human treatment of the mentally I’ll and helped establish mental health institutions in the US.
An individual experience a week where they are unusually energetic, talk a lot, and make impulsive decisions. The next week, they feel sad, exhausted, and uninterested in anything. What disorder might this person have?
Bipolar Disorder
Imagine a therapist listens attentively, shows empathy, and helps their client explore their feelings and experiences without judgement. The therapist encourages the client to find their own solutions and focuses on helping them achieve personal growth and self-acceptance. What type of therapy is the therapist practicing?
Humanistic therapy
In which stage of Piaget’s development theory do children develop the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically?
Formal Operational stage
What are problems with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?
What must occur for someone to qualify for involuntary commitment?
The person must be a danger to themselves or others, or be unable to care for themselves due to a mental illness.
What are the main chemicals involved in depression?
Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
A therapist helps Ashley explore her thoughts and past experiences, particularly from childhood, to understand how they affect her current behavior and emotions. The therapist also helps Ashley recognize similar patterns in her current relationships. What type of therapy is being practiced?
Psychodynamic therapy
Definition: A mental framework or structure that helps individuals organize and interpret information.
Schema
What are the three stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion
Amy, a 19 year old college freshman, constantly worries about maintaining high academic standards, fearing failure. She feels restless, experiences muscle tension, and has trouble sleeping. Based on Amy’s symptoms, which anxiety disorder is she likely experiencing?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Tom experiences flashbacks, nightmares, and intense anxiety after coming home from war. He often feels on edge and avoids places that remind him of his time serving. What disorder might he be struggling with?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A therapist helps their client gradually face their fear of spiders by first having them relax deeply, then slowly exposing them to images of spiders, and eventually working up to being in the same room with a real spider. What type of therapy is the therapist using?
Systematic desensitization
How does temperament differ from personality development?
Temperament refers to the traits we are innately born with that influence how individuals react to the world while personality develops over time through life experiences and social interactions.
A student gets a really bad grade on their first chemistry exam. They are very upset and want to do better, so for the next exam, they make a study plan and take practice exams so they are better prepared. Is this an example of problem-focused or emotion-focused coping?
Problem-focused
Alex experiences intrusive thoughts about harming his friends. To alleviate his anxiety, he feels compelled to mentally count to 100 whenever he has these thoughts. If he doesn’t perform this ritual, he fears something bad will happen. Which disorder is Alex likely suffering from?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
10 year old Johny has trouble focusing on tasks, frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments, and is often easily distracted by noises. In class, he has trouble sitting still and waiting his turn to talk. What disorder might Johny have?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Imagine a person who feels anxious about social situation and often has thoughts that people will judge them if they speak up. In therapy, the therapist helps them challenge this thought by recognizing it's not always true. The therapist also encourages the person to practice small steeps, like speaking in a group setting to reduce anxiety and build confidence. What type of therapy is being utilized?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) M