Visual System
What is myopia and hyperopia?
Myopia (nearsightedness) occurs when because lens cannot accommodate enough to focus far objects correctly (always focuses in front of retina
Hyperopia (farsightedness) occurs because the lens cannot accommodate enough to focus near objects correctly
Name this lobe
Occipital Lobe
The temporal lobe is ____ to the lateral/sylvian fissure
inferior/ventral
How many alpha motor neurons are in one motor unit?
Hapsis perception is
fine touch and pressure
What photoreceptor is responsible for color vision?
Cones
What is this part called?
Dorsal Root Ganglion
What is the reticular formation responsible for?
Arousal, activation, posture
When muscle tension passively changes, what will fire in response?
Muscle Spindles
What is a rapidly adapting receptor?
Receptor that responds in bursts to the onset of a stimulus and when that stimulus is taken away
What is lateral inhibition? What cell is responsible for this?
When an excited neuron inhibits the actions of its neighboring neurons (surround/center cells)
Horizontal cells!
Name this fissure?
Lateral/sylvian fissure
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is located where?
Thalamus (diencephalon)
What is a major difference between axial and distal muscles?
Axial = neurons located medially on spinal cord and cross the midline
Distal = neurons located laterally on spinal cord and stay unilaterally
What kind of receptor senses pain and temperature and has no receptor cell?
Free nerve endings
Describe an on-center ganglion cell and an off-center ganglion cell
On-center ganglion cells have a burst of action potentials when there is light in the center of the receptive field
Off-center ganglion cells have a decrease in action potentials when there is light in the center of the receptive field
What is this part called?
Dorsal Horn
sagittal
What are Slow, Fast Fatigable, and Fast Fatigue-Resistant motor units?
Slow = sustained muscle contraction, small force Ex: Posture
FF = brief exertions, large force Ex: Jumping
FR = Intermediate in size and force Ex: Jogging
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex found?
parietal lobe
List the correct flow of information in the retina
photoreceptor -> bipolar cell -> retinal ganglion cell
Which lobe contains the primary motor cortex?
A (frontal lobe)
List the meninges layers from superficial to deep
Dura Mater
Arachnoid
(subarachnoid space)
Pia Mater
What happened to the monkey whose premotor cortex was lesioned?
Could not coordinate limbs across axis of symmetry
Describe reorganization of the somatosensory cortex
When a body part is lost, its representation in the cortical map is "taken over" by representations of adjacent body parts in the cortical map