Vocabulary
An international agreement made by the President of the United States with a foreign country, that does not require Senate ratification.
What is an executive agreement?
The president is the constitutional head of the military.
What is Commander in Chief?
This type of system allocated political appointments on the basis of party loyalty.
What is the spoils system or "patronage system"?
This branch of government/chamber was specifically created to closely represent the people's views?
What is the House of Representatives (legislative branch*)?
These individuals are appointed to life terms.
What are federal judges?
This amendment was ratified in 1913 and states that senators of the United States shall be elected by the people of the United states; therefore, establishing direct elections for senators.
What is the Seventeenth Amendment?
This presidential advisory unit has declined significantly as an advisory resource for the president in the last century.
What is the cabinet?
These type of agencies such as the EPA have administrative, legislative, and judicial functions.
What are regulatory agencies?
*In the US federal government, bureaucracy takes on four main forms: Cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, regulatory agencies, and government corporations.
This individual presides over the Senate and casts a tiebreaking vote when necessary.
Who is the vice president?
A type of case that concerns the violation of the legal rights of one individual toward another.
What are civil cases?
This type of veto can be overridden by a two-thirds majority of each house of Congress.
What is presidential veto?
This president started the spoils system.
Who is Andrew Jackson?
What is the Pendleton Act of 1883?
The action of determining which states gain or lose seats in the House.
What is apportionment?
In Federalist # 78, this individual characterized the judiciary as the least dangerous branch of government.
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
In this type of elections, the president's party usually loses seats.
What are midterm elections?
This limitation was placed on the President by Congress requiring authorization to commit troops into a combat zone past 90 days.
What is the War Powers Act?
This act banned civil servants from participating in partisan political activity.
What is the Hatch Act?
The practice that allows home-state senators considerable control over the fate of presidential nominees.
What is senatorial courtesy?
This enables the Supreme Court to strike down laws passed by Congress.
What is judicial review?
In this model of representation, legislators are obligated to use their own opinions in decision making.
What is the trustee model of representation?
An implied power of the Constitution that allows the President to withhold documents or information in his possession or in the possession of the Executive Branch from the Legislative or Judicial Branch of the government.
What is Executive Privilege?
Organizations like CIA and NASA are defined as this type/form of bureaucracy.
What are independent agencies?
A committee that has well-defined policy jurisdictions that do not change markedly from Congress to Congress.
What is a standing committee?
A judge relies on this principle when standing by precedent.
What is stare decicis or "let the decision stand"?
*A judge relies on the principle of stare decisis when standing by precedent, which means "let the decision stand". This principle guides judges to follow established court rulings when deciding new cases with similar facts, promoting consistency and predictability in the legal system.