Chapter 8 Intro to ML
A set of internal processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent gains in the capability for skilled performance.
Motor Learning
What was the title of the book we discussed at the beginning of class?
Atomic Habits
Intrinsic Motivation for learning can be influenced in these ways:
Goal setting
Self-regulated practice
What is the difference between knowledge of performance vs knowledge of results
information about a movement pattern vs information about the success of an action with respect to a goal.
List the continents of the world.
North America
South America
Asia
Africa
Europe
Antarctica
Australia
The observable act of executing a skill at a specific time and in a specific situation. Performance can be influenced by temporary factors
Motor Performance
What is the single most important factor leading to skill acquisition?
Practice
In mental practice the learner may do these 2 out of 4 things.
Think about the skills being learned
Rehearse each of the steps sequentially
Imagine doing the actions that ould result in achieving the goal
Anticipate the sensation that may occur as a result of performing an action
In general, too much _________ is not useful
Information
What animal never "sleeps?"
Bullfrog
What is the difference between a theoretical true score and an observed score?
Theoretical True Score: This is an unobservable measure. It reflects a person’s actual capability or underlying skill level at a given time. It's what someone should be able to achieve under ideal conditions, assuming no external distractions, fatigue, or unusual effort boosts. It’s stable and is the best indicator of learning or improvement due to practice.
Observed Score: This is the actual score someone gets in a real performance situation—like a round of golf or a bowling game. It can fluctuate due to various external or temporary factors such as mood, fatigue, pressure, or even luck. An observed score might be higher or lower than the true score depending on these influences.
Skilled athletes engage in more of the behaviors typified by the term ____________ than do less skilled athletes.
Deliberate practice
What is the difference between massed practice and distributed practice?
Massed practice is a practice schedule in
which the amount of rest between practice
trials is relatively short; in massed practice,
the amount of rest between trials is often
less than the time for a trial
Distributed practice is a practice schedule
in which the duration of rest between
practice trials is relatively long; the time in
practice is often less than the time at rest
__________feedback is information provided as a natural consequence of making an action; it is sometimes called intrinsic feedback
Inherent
How could you use the concept of specificity of practice to design a golf practice session?
Design the session to mimic real game conditions. Instead of hitting multiple shots with the same club from the same spot, the golfer could:
Use different clubs for each shot.
Change the distance and lie of the ball with every swing.
Simulate on-course situations (e.g., hitting out of rough, bunker, or uphill lies).
Putt from various distances and angles, just like during an actual round.
...........says that improvements are rapid at first and much slower later in practice
The law of practice
What are the 3 basic principles of practice?
Practice is more than just repetition
Specificity of learning
Learning versus performance during practice
Define blocked practice.
A schedule in which many trials on a single task are practiced consecutively; there is low contextual interference. Sometimes called "drilled" or "repetitive" practice.
_________feedback is information from the measured performance outcome that is fed back to the learner by some artificial means; it is sometimes called extrinsic feedback
Prickle or array
...............is seen when practice on one task contributes to performance capability in some other task
Provide an example of how perceptual skills benefit due to practice?
Chess example. Expert players were able to remember game structure but not when they were randomly placed. This showed their observation coupled with perception were acquired over many years of practice.
What is the Schema Theory?
The learner acquires a set of rules, called
schemas, that relate the surface features of
an action (e.g., distances, speeds, forces) to
the parameter values necessary to produce
those actions
What is "Faded" feedback?
a feedback schedule in which the relative frequency is high in early practice and reduced in later practice
Which state in the U.S. is only one syllable long?
Maine