Lipids
Molecular Gastronomy and Oxidation
Solutions
Odds and Ends
Dyes and additives
GMO or GE Foods
Acids and bases
100
How are triglycerides formed?
Through dehydration synthesis and the loss of water, H2O
100
This common additive and emulsifier is used to create light, airy foams from various liquids. It is found in egg yolks, soy, and mustard. It is the binding agent used in mayonnaise
What is lecithin?
100
What should you consume if you are suffering after eating a high-scoville chili?
And why does this work?
Dairy, because dairy is nonpolar like capsaicin.
100
Given the results of the experiment, what can you conclude about the effect of the consumption of chili seeds by thrashers on the fitness (reproductive success) of chili plants?
There is no effect on the fitness of the chili plants.
100
This natural dye comes from crushed insects and is used in yogurts and lipsticks.
What is carmine or cochineal?
100
This GE fruit was engineered to resist browning.
What is the Arctic apple?
100
Coffee has a pH of 5. Coffee would be a ______.
Acid
200
This is the term for a fatty acid with no double bonds.
What is a saturated fatty acid?
200
Oxidation is the _____ of _____.
Loss of electrons
200
This type of mixture is uniform throughout, with particles at the molecular level, like a well-mixed cup of coffee with cream.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
200
Using this information, what percent of the calories are from saturated fats? (Round to the nearest whole number.)
33.75% (33.8%)
6 g x 9 Cal/g = 54 Cal
54/160 Cal = 0.3375
0.3375 x100 = 33.75%
200
This device is commonly used in labs to measure the absorbance of light by a colored solution.
What is a spectrophotometer?
SpectroVis is also acceptable as an answer.
200
This type of GMO rice was developed to combat vitamin A deficiency ( a leading cause of night blindness)
What is Golden Rice?
200
This type of substance, according to Bronsted-Lowry, donates a H+ ion
What is an acid.
300
These fats are created during industrial hydrogenation and have been banned in many countries.
What are transfats
300
Could you explain the mechanism by which sodium alginate forms a gel? What specific ions are commonly used to induce this reaction?
When the sodium alginate meets the calcium chloride, the calcium displaces the sodium in the sodium alginate, causing those long polysaccharide molecules to crosslink.
300
If industrial wastewater contained 9.6 ppm of mercury contamination, how much mercury would be in 1 liter of the wastewater?
1 liter = 1000 mL = 1000 g
What is 9.6 x 10-3
or 0.0096 g
300
In the fat extraction lab from food (potato chips and chocolate), which of these foods contained primarily saturated fats and which contained mostly unsaturated fats, and how did you know?
The potato chip fat was unsaturated, as it was a liquid
The chocolate was mostly saturated fats, as it was a solid.
300
What is the color of the food dye that produced this absorbance graph?
What is red.
300
The AquaAdvantage salmon has two specific DNA sequences added to its genome: A growth hormone and a promoter gene. Name either of the species from which those genes were obtained?
Pacific Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Or the ocean pout (Zoarces americanus)
300
Which of these is the functional group found in all acids?
What is D
400
This is the chemical structure that makes phospholipids (like lecithin) emulsifiers.
What is an amphiphilic structure (hydrophilic head + hydrophobic tail)?
400
The Maillard Reactions is responsible for flavor and color in foods. Think coffee, bread baking or meat grilling.
What causes this reaction?
The Maillard Reactions occur at high temperatures when amino acids bind to carbohydrates (sugars).
400
How much 10% solution is needed to make up 500 mL of a 2% solution?
What is 100 mL
C1V1=C2V2
(10%)(V)=(2%)(500mL)
V = 100 mL
400
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in this Oxygen isotope? (Hint check your formula sheet)
There are 8 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons
400
You need these many steps to dilute a 100 mg/10mL (10 mg/mL) solution to 0.1 mg/mL using serial 1:10 dilutions.
What is 2 steps?
400
What enzyme does the GMO Artic Apple 'turn off'?
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO)
400
This chemical process occurs when citrus acid unravels and restructures the proteins in raw fish, making it appear cooked.
What is denaturing the proteins.
500
This four-ring steroid is a lipid produced by the body and found in animal products.
What is cholesterol?
500
This part of the pepper, often mistaken for the seeds, contains the highest concentration of capsaicin.
The pith or the white part near the seeds.
500
How much water must you add when making a 10.0% fruit punch drink from 250 mL of an 80% concentrate?
the answer is 1750 mL.
You already have 250 mL
500
This sensory evaluation method, which experts use to detect defects in olive oil, is called organoleptic testing (or sensory analysis). In 1912, a pharmacist used this type of testing to rate what other food?
Wilbur Scoville used organoleptic testing for the pungency and heat in peppers.
Photo: Emma Darvick
500
After three 1:2 dilutions, the fraction of the original concentration remaining is this.
What is 1/8
500
Genes from this common soil bacterium are engineered into crops like corn and cotton to produce a built-in pesticide (often referred to by its initials).
What is Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt)?
500
The reaction between an acid and a base results in the formation of water and this.
What is a salt.