The Cell Cycle & Mitosis
The ability of organisms to produce more of their own kind best distinguishes living things from ______ ______
Nonliving matter
Reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) are called _______
Gametes
Prokaryotes reproduce by ______ ______
Binary fission
Nuclear envelope fragments. Microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes. What phase of mitosis is this?
Prometaphase
Joined copies of the original chromosome are called ______ _______
Sister chromatids
In binary fission, the chromosome replicates beginning at the ______
Ori
Multicellular eukaryotes depend on cell division for?
Development from a fertilized cell, growth, repair
What attaches sister chromatids along their lengths?
Cohesins
Prokaryotic cells _____ undergo mitosis
Th life cycle of a cell from formation to its own division is called the _____ _____
Cell cycle
The narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached is called?
Centromere
What does the G1 checkpoint check?
Checks if the DNA is damaged
Most cell division results in daughter cells with _______ genetic information (DNA)
Identical
The division of the genetic material in the nucleus is called?
Mitosis
The activity of a cyclin-dependent kinase rises and falls with changes in concentration of ______
Cyclin
Chromosomes align in the middle of the dividing cell. What phase of mitosis is this?
Metaphase
The division of the cytoplasm is called?
Cytokinesis
What does the M checkpoint check?
Checks if all the chromosomes are attached to the spindle
All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s _______
Genome
What occurs in the mitotic phase?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
p53 regulation is used at the _____ checkpoint
G1
What is loose DNA + Proteins called?
Chromatin
What occurs during interphase?
Metabolic activity, cell growth, copying of chromosomes, preparation for cell division (G1, S, G2)
What does the G2 checkpoint check?
Checks if the DNA is replicated
What is a package of condensed DNA + Proteins called?
Chromosomes
What happens during S phase?
Synthesize/duplicate DNA
______ plays a key role in the G2-M transition
MPF (maturation promoting factor/M-phase promotion factor)
Nonreproductive body cells are called _______ cells
Somatic
Chromosomes condense. Centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles. What phase of mitosis is this?
Prophase
Signals to divide that come from within the cell are _______
Endogenous
Sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite poles. What phase of mitosis is this?
Anaphase
Nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense. What phase of mitosis is this?
Telophase
Give an example of an exogenous signal
Hormones, growth factors, density-dependent inhibition, anchorage dependence